tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35684656327740386812024-03-19T04:45:49.291-07:00Massachusetts Oyster ProjectThe Oyster Project is dedicated to oyster restoration in the estuaries of Massachusetts. Oyster reefs provide shelter for 100 other species including shrimp, eels, lobsters and the young of many commercial species. Oysters also are tremendous water cleaners as each filters 30 gallons of water per day.AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.comBlogger381125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-7896518066342568332020-09-03T09:00:00.001-07:002020-09-03T09:02:46.236-07:00<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIFLhhuh6sXrowZ2DnjYbveXtOyY0EmMZw07twb8nJr3CEjSepvdJeKCod1TNaRTlWU6s_MC6pp776A1jyx2QR_BHqOkjVfgRoQHawBZZoABJUcB-efxOm3yXJceSWLoJgs8Ss3aMN5Do/s966/image+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="938" data-original-width="966" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIFLhhuh6sXrowZ2DnjYbveXtOyY0EmMZw07twb8nJr3CEjSepvdJeKCod1TNaRTlWU6s_MC6pp776A1jyx2QR_BHqOkjVfgRoQHawBZZoABJUcB-efxOm3yXJceSWLoJgs8Ss3aMN5Do/s320/image+2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg40AP5U0qZ-OrQDCkBZHO2xe1uK0IP_HsfegQ9WpC2-lYu8UHpyzMBOS2tdtUAud8Hn_IWq1ggJVVu9ypOeWkk8-6nZKdWkgKXsqS4jyn3OVgG7qusCXkvBshq7SzEEoFwdlyrezWZmUM/s1022/image+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1022" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg40AP5U0qZ-OrQDCkBZHO2xe1uK0IP_HsfegQ9WpC2-lYu8UHpyzMBOS2tdtUAud8Hn_IWq1ggJVVu9ypOeWkk8-6nZKdWkgKXsqS4jyn3OVgG7qusCXkvBshq7SzEEoFwdlyrezWZmUM/s320/image+4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYL0xO9cOPvAcWcp7Ma2FyMhIl8d2IQmCogjNWIf2Ea5ffeRHnfB9RinHhyphenhyphenJ5dP2eoJoCfaG9P5h4yLPgbbBsyWF27PqBjM0T7EsuM0a4-aTD4jyzc6MfXIhCKxcZy4oSRN28TyFFlvn0/s2048/image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1580" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYL0xO9cOPvAcWcp7Ma2FyMhIl8d2IQmCogjNWIf2Ea5ffeRHnfB9RinHhyphenhyphenJ5dP2eoJoCfaG9P5h4yLPgbbBsyWF27PqBjM0T7EsuM0a4-aTD4jyzc6MfXIhCKxcZy4oSRN28TyFFlvn0/s320/image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <span face="" style="border: 1pt none; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in; word-spacing: 1px;">In celebration of oyster month, and as part of our month-long virtual Stay At Home Oyster Fest Fundraiser, The Massachusetts Oyster Project is offering an opportunity to win </span><span face="" style="border: 1pt none; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in; word-spacing: 1px;">two unique handmade oyster inspired products with a donation of $100 or more.</span><p></p><blockquote style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-size-adjust: auto;" type="cite"><div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;"><div dir="auto"><blockquote type="cite"><div dir="ltr"><ol start="1" style="margin-bottom: 0in;" type="1"><li style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="" style="border: 1pt none; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;">A custom designed oyster knife and merchandise, by Travis Weige of <a href="https://clicktime.symantec.com/3BcWeB8kvHoyR7We2LBkbWr7Vc?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weigeknives.com%2F" style="color: purple;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #4285f4;">Weige Knives</span></a>. Oysters are not just wonderful water filters, they make for great eating too!</span><span style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></li><li style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="color: #313131; font-family: HelveticaNeue, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://clicktime.symantec.com/32oMS7bRYJ69EPV638ij3D37Vc?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.colbydavisofboston.com%2F" style="color: purple;" target="_blank"><span face="" style="border: 1pt none; color: #4285f4; padding: 0in;">Colby Davis of Boston</span></a></span><span face="" style="border: 1pt none; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"> is teaming up with our Giveaway by adding this beautiful sterling silver oyster pendant and chain. The reverse of the pendant is engraved with “The World is Your Oyster” </span><u></u><u></u></li></ol><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span face="" style="border: 1pt none; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;">Here's how to enter:</span></b><span face="" style="border: 1pt none; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"> Make a $100+ donation to <a href="https://clicktime.symantec.com/3WXjzyy8hvsgmY58PwBrPj7Vc?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.massoyster.org%2F" style="color: purple;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #4285f4;">Mass Oyster</span></a> via this link</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="" style="border: 1pt none; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"> </span><a href="https://secure.actblue.com/contribute/page/mop" target="_blank">https://secure.actblue.com/contribute/page/mop </a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span face="" style="border: 1pt none; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;">to win BOTH the oyster necklace and the oyster knife kit (total valued at over $800). The winner will be announced <a dir="ltr" style="color: currentcolor; text-decoration-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.380392);">Friday, September 11th</a> on our Instagram feed @oysterprojectma. (The winner will also be contacted through email). </span><span face="" style="border: 1pt none; color: #666666; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; word-spacing: 1px;"><span face="" style="border: 1pt none; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;">An update on our summer program.</span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: HelveticaNeue, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; word-spacing: 1px;"><span face="" style="border: 1pt none; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;">Our upweller program is up and running and 260,000 of our little baby oysters are safe, growing, healthy and will be ready to release in Massachusetts estuaries this fall. </span><span face="" style="border: 1pt none; color: #666666; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;"> </span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: HelveticaNeue, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; word-spacing: 1px;"><span face="" style="border: 1pt none; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;">If you believe in our cause, please consider making a donation today to ensure that our programs continue to operate so we can support the flourishing population of oysters we propagate in our upwellers. As of today we have placed over 1 million oysters back into Massachusetts waters. As an all volunteer run organization your help is crucial to our success.</span><span style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; word-spacing: 1px;"><span face="" style="border: 1pt none; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;">Any and all donations are greatly appreciated and $.90 of every dollar goes directly to our programs.</span><span style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; word-spacing: 1px;"><span face="" style="border: 1pt none; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;">“Let the oysters flourish”</span><span style="font-family: HelveticaNeue, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; word-spacing: 1px;"><span face="" style="border: 1pt none; font-size: 12pt; padding: 0in;">The staff at the Massachusetts Oyster Project</span></p></div></blockquote></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote><p><br /></p><p> </p>Tesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03750763238426178297noreply@blogger.com18tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-56259753652985240582020-08-19T14:57:00.000-07:002020-08-19T14:57:21.549-07:00<p> 🎇GIVEAWAY ALERT🎇<span> </span> 🎇GIVEAWAY ALERT🎇<span> </span> 🎇GIVEAWAY ALERT🎇</p><p><br /></p><p>In celebration of oyster month, MOP is offering an opportunity to win an oyster shucking package as these wonderful water filters make for great eating too!</p><p>If you donate $100.00 or more, you will be automatically entered for a chance to win a custom oyster knife hand crafted by artisan knife maker Travis Weige of Weige Knives. www.weigeknives.com In addition to the oyster knife, you'll receive a hat and tee-shirt from Weige Knives as well.</p><p>To be entered for a chance to win, be sure to make a direct donation to Mass Oyster Project through our website www.massoyster.org We will choose the winner on September 4th and post the name on our instagram feed @oysterprojectma</p><p>Happy Shucking! From the gang at Mass Oyster</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsBoQhpWkRhoU-zJNKs0msIPa7kP_4kOBTn_T_UinyBfjH5tuHitoPIzxjOepo2_eZKC9OQY2r4P_TPrJ9L-HgZSiJ69_l8JT-EUBxGok4D6aQhxlg79OM7sDwPFGDYQcL6sPHgVDz6oA/s2048/unnamed-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsBoQhpWkRhoU-zJNKs0msIPa7kP_4kOBTn_T_UinyBfjH5tuHitoPIzxjOepo2_eZKC9OQY2r4P_TPrJ9L-HgZSiJ69_l8JT-EUBxGok4D6aQhxlg79OM7sDwPFGDYQcL6sPHgVDz6oA/s640/unnamed-1.jpg" /></a></div><p><br /></p>Tesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03750763238426178297noreply@blogger.com18tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-5155800257840694592020-08-12T14:27:00.001-07:002020-08-12T14:28:00.099-07:00Stay-At-Home Oyster Fest<p> <b style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 20pt;"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 20pt;">TIMES ARE TOUGH<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: 20pt;"> </span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">As the coronavirus pandemic continues to sweep the globe, it gets harder and harder to keep a routine, explore new passions and hobbies, and keep a positive mindset.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><b>Trust us, we get it.<o:p></o:p></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><b> </b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">In these uncertain economic times, everyone is struggling. Especially the nonprofit industry. So, <b><u>we need your help</u></b>.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">We need your help to be able to continue and improve our upweller programs in Gloucester, Marblehead, Hyannis, and Nantucket.<o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">Amidst all of this chaos, we sincerely appreciate your support and can only hope that it continues.<o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">Instead of our normal, busy summer even schedule, we are doing this virtual Stay-At-Home Oyster Fest as our sole fundraiser. In addition to purchasing shirts, we highly encourage you to <b>donate</b> to our organization through the link below:<o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><a href="https://secure.actblue.com/contribute/page/mop" style="color: #954f72;">https://secure.actblue.com/contribute/page/mop</a><o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><o:p> </o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;">Thank you all so much!<o:p></o:p></p>Tesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03750763238426178297noreply@blogger.com26tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-66359566627617919752020-08-07T11:14:00.003-07:002020-08-07T11:16:11.287-07:002020 Stay-At-Home Oyster Fest<p> </p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 6.75pt 0in 0in;" valign="top"><table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0in 13.5pt 6.75pt;" valign="top"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: teal; font-family: georgia, serif;">We love summer. </span></b><span style="color: #757575; font-family: georgia, serif;"><br /><br />For us at the Mass Oyster Project, summer events are critical for our fundraising. And while we hope to celebrate safely with you soon, we are trying something new this year.<br /><br />So gather your friends and family & dust off those shucking knives because <b>you're invited to </b></span><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Helvetica;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;"></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 6.75pt 0in 0in;" valign="top"><table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0in 13.5pt 6.75pt;" valign="top"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;"></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 6.75pt 0in 0in;" valign="top"><table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0in 13.5pt 6.75pt;" valign="top"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 7.5pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: teal; font-family: georgia, serif; font-size: 22.5pt;">The 2020 Stay-at-Home Oyster Fest!</span></b> </p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;"></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 6.75pt;" valign="top"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><img alt="" 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EeOxM42KX2Geids3bFTf0M0UQRZKk+fPlMZBbnUu1uQOntaqodcAyeAdq98zTrqHWDK1fAdVTRq6Vae3qpsAWmSUlKV7caA3aqTt1y8bJmFtNSns9ecQpqHDx/Jxi1b1daA3AKyoAnpHp7xh+Bm7kJhaUAr165X15bg3tGCVmzXXstaHuPZ7bv3CEY++jNVZYI0s+cvlP7DhquwDfsAxbdVkDtAFvV9i+qjDqa26jt6D8dRCAhKiknpM7Oo3vEVw64Aj44C49Zt62puWLmJk6coTBkjLkNXrl5zdBg267HgMFpi+4mNHyv7Dh7KrA/SoPSAdeo7ZKhVzRsP4ICKoyZz7+nXXTy8fJWV2rF7j1WZD+fa9j5dBW0XhOD23azGcWMgOPB28PVTuxvzlDJlapY5ZX4R+tes3yBXr11TomcoEOBgxianZnENMtp15adTSGPeMYBmkpkMPlnEjhaeMf4ceQ5g0Z+lwvPct4cwPEsd2Akd8xs1q6U2c3KN8VkbQ8a9jHFaew+jT+4bcM0LF3fGaGkMwPG77zNUz8ZYbH2yWHHgxOOBEAFbhfcB+XFmRftmbc6fP3+higY0YczR6x8cX1O2+nflvVwhjSsHkt9WPgR+KRDIR5pfykzlj/NnA4F8pPnZTEX+QH4pEMhHml/KTOWP82cDgXyk+dlMRf5AfikQeCtIg2YFdSB/xEw4Uixpd8yfs6xLy1oLDYzG3z9/rvHrPPODOPJk1nYYj/GX9Y7jvxiLNe2a4638PGqSp8CaBswYIe/LnKNlU9gZN5z8NODO58+h5CnSALCr167Luo2bhZiJhUuXa/wG8TDWnOuI0MR5D+dH3DqwOpsXYnfQ51PH0n3q0/fde/dk974DMn/xUlmyYqW6VxDkhlXcHHmZWHzXjD8MtMZ3bDDEtl+8fEU/eZ7EDqYFZMB6jSsP9TF2olrlEz802tt34JAGfZk+x3cWF86v9x8+VEMvPmBYvenf2vuZt2H+mwQXqHnxLuDd6IPvtJnhbvJYx0UeBfPFT128PBjzrTt3Mt7jzbsQgoBxdtfefVYdN7/55lsN9MPLmtidlWvXyYVLFzVyF0O2OeGwBftbt+8o3BX2V67o3JnD3vzd8/p3niENgMeQRvhyhvdAN/V58vQL0IQRy1attrggjhw7pmEHLT29pVVHb9loIWiLePQ2nbuoZdqSAyT+R0wW7j5N2rRTazzWavISuHf0FPIUmFuMd+7dK/jDjZ2YIokTU9UDGneO0eMnqsGP8ADc7fnj+5YdO7PMzakzZyV1WrrGzmMgxAWEQDs8nHFxH5U0TvMhYFE3LSxOjIxTZ87R3AB4K3QJ7Cm9+w/UQC2Mt6bOn6bPWvsORWY8RMzOmDtPVq/bIHv279fvSclpMj51kvoJ9hs6XL2iGYNRePbwsWMyIW2yxI+boO9AfEvPyCgd06ik8RrER0jyitXZHXNpi9ADQpWbtm2vHiS1m7WQ1l6dpXn7jtI9tJfG/hj98blzjzns0yQxOU3GTEyWHhG9xcPbRw2jhIMAe4zdP2XJM6TBj4nMKfgy4TaDBRgqTEIMLOO44xDma07lyBOA5b9mo6ZSoHRZwY3dvM7MefPVoY+MOKZWbQAJFcMiTwIKXFfSpk1XLwYWa2B4L41Rx3nS3JUFF3x8vYjPAbFwE2ns0VYdDCvUrithfWI08hMPYVw80uf8GJlJv7EJY9XVhwA0Ejvg2jF89FiZt3iphMf01dAAxmvuDUDOAuCEzx7x9SAN3g94FFdr2Fivg7iOBPcZCwlXHMKGSUxB8gzcnhq3aa/Eq13nruqfFRwZpW7+RK+aIg27OIjOeHgXQgHCY/rJyMQkRQbuQYBwGYKLMC0Z2YJma2QvQYrTZs/RkHJ2GrIG4YQJ0sAFmBb8EPGOr9PcXbPgQHToA692CC594u/WtUeI+h8us4Cspu3l9fc8QRqoFZQCQIwYMzbboocV8Q4I1EVpiYryPMFfuKG39vJRNs0ABIjHs8TPWAp0IlcYYQJE8kHxTMuO3bulQSsPi4Fg7AYEZcFSkAAEnp2FwkRD3ZCLKFi0CUgz7xsHR6gxE+3fMzRL1CTsB27z5s/QHmwrTo5EdeJbt/dAhmsLhCJuTKK2hzOqM640PMs4Z85doIiMDxth3eSk0xwDP/yg4elzFiwSwshNiRLf2cm9/QO1bxa7KcJClHgXS9l/YPXwNse3DY9m05IyJV1qN3W36J4DnInD4t0vXrkq+KkRVg/sITxG2blnX577lRl92frME6R58uyZLnbyZx07ecpi/zhX4ka+zoKbOQ+w0PoOjlWqHpswWrOW4P6CIyGx7eY7jNEJAMfLlUhS82Rx5AUAcSyVJStWqeu76T0DaWDJSHRHQSYAscz5cu6R3grvXJAMasoChADYKt98+1wJhIE0Bw796A82Z+Fi3X0ICoOFcbaQjARExJGWQDVnCk6T7LwQJ1ht3tfSO5u2qf1VqS6EkRvwMu4fP3lKtu7YlQVBjXvAPin1x9gmdjvypIE0I0yQBpkRWYp18FOWPEEaWDAmGh7WUgQfLwyLRX6tgcNHWn1/WDxi1gllBUkOHjmqCEOwm7XCIiSClO2dMF4ygSL4Mg5bmSlZGLA1pkWRplhJlctAYnuF1EXsrk3bdpCr129oPjjydL1+bRtxCB8HaYCZaR4y2FeukyzQEmW3Nx4cRWHPQJpNW7er8gXlhDkxsdRO6tR0Zc8ysvfcFjzcSUVlq6AgIb0T7CZsNlyBI7BnXkAUo6AM6ty9RzakMe7/1J95gjQHDh/Wycb7FU2KpYKACtKwDdsqo8cnaxJC+FmSPxAVaK1N2oG6EwwGohFyjGCPQD9jzjzBC5dFA4I4Ugyk6dA1IBvltPQ8mR+Rd8iEOSB2hDTxaKcx9zgh2ipkIGVhszMb+dfYocalTVK5Dr4e5He20BZtIp+kTZ2ugjsCOkhqr5BtiDHxLv2GxCrrShIVU1bOvA3yKRNJiRyLImTshAzYT58zT0MIYN8cgT27tJd/oJD3zXSnMe/vp/qdJ0gDVQLgyB7WFoyBNGi4bBXUzkaCQhYkk2mvPHn6TBUIBCoR+8EfySbgz4kGhLe3xzbRB0gDYnfy65ZNRW1pDMgn7AwgbMtOXkrlCYoylQksPQfbwsJmsTE2CjsjSgEyYRJOgPrY2YJsQh4yZAyyUmbIevaDBOmHEAximJArSY0LmzckLsEm0vAcC560WgGh4Sr7te7UWVl1YlxCovqoVs/ee6BmJ1Xwfx3SkPGF5Bnm9hADYMSMwLOSPtReQa2MNgykcSbjyMM3CbJhkVDBkv0SrZ0REWiv35FjM5CGXc6RRbt05Sr5ulwlZSGxD/GOFxwIhiIaFaSBDctws3+h2WBYsCT0g7XKSeGdSY9EUj6EdzLMkKDEWjYZ0z7YpQjogt1iZ0qePM1iVk3TZ0y/P3ryRNX6585fUNgvXbla8w8Qb2SP1cWehKnivwppoFJor+BLzQVCAItACetE+K8jybwxbJE6lvqW7Damk2Xve2S/AboYyMBvr4A0JCLsN2yEQzsTSg0WPzw9i8a8WNvdyM3MAgVpCLBat2mTpn2COi9autwhhDXvi9/IdOVq1lU1roH0GHwdEaRBGt6FzDKWFADW3sXSOIxrsIbsWOyAtgoaUJKs/1chDVZfBHjYIUuWf4RD+HSoGJZvewXBEA0WSezsIQ07GywdtgfzieUeiQ1ph0R19sqoxHHy78LFZMyEFHtV9f6xEyeUneGUAjwICK3mD5sQ/DweDOZj4kF2GpAGtg77SpvOvhrCjYbR2k7tyIBQKtAu2jxg6ExB6QLSYG8hF7bxLswdSg6EfvMCG2rVi+O779TgicZ0/cbsiTlM20Luieg38L9LEYCuiBSwIAaqRvhzQzMFz0vKUygOgq4jBeHTu1ugFCjtpsdq2HoGDQ+JCEntdOrMGcFlh/7R5MDmsaARjkmSbavgqoFBjeTqI0YnWqS2ps/TB+46hhyAfSEpdZL+TZg0WSL6DVBvAUtUmwQXGDZRpaNSXb56jSoR2GmIv7e0W5v2bek7OwupWmGTgZ012dLSs6jtycWAXMruR6onlCnkGJswaYrmf0sYnzX9E+1gXiA/HHAgzRPnAXE+ELBHCQMhNVV2WOqba8ASOY5c34SQWyI01p59G9fzRBHAwC9cuqQuEFjWMaIh7GIAhO8no02XoBC7CTUMAJCku2m7DppBBe2MwWoY900/SS/ExMDHI4uQsG/W/AUyPm2SIjGUl+Qf2FusFZAeGYB0p+TxQpNjL/E4CNm8XSftlwwpnfy6a9/w8OQSw0tgwZKl2RYA70KWSzLqkAgRVpSCYRYZDvX1pm3bHNI6Ge/DIsMdCUQlf3Q7367CiQSOFmxCcAkgMe+CfMF79Oo7QL0sUFgsXbEqW3NoyZDD6rl7CPkfgDPXSO1lKCFI7GFv1yPtbc0mzZQdz0h+4rzmMNvgXHghz5CGMcKOTJw0VZNYcPAPgPTy767JIrDBOFqWrVytGrRO/t0ksv9Am9luLly8qK4zsDZkt8clwyewh2ZAYfKZSJwobRVUpxwP0rGrv2oA0WJZM6Ya7ZDYnKQOJByBZ+fdkR0QelEIgBiW1K04RZJAA0KCxgiXIwo7IQsWexPIbwvJjTEYn+xm7AjeAUEqGwwZOcqp5OD7Dh5Uv7c16zcqp3D+4mXdqdBqYVzG28PwkDD65BPNH0dfsMuzE+EyQ441ss+QLAP3IBxt7RUQjfrINf4hoZkaRXvPva37eYo0xkvgtYxbBwtq/6FDumUb9xz5JMMNaW+Rlfh0RJA12r335ln4cJ59/Di7gG7UNf2EjeQZWAx2GUuymWl9W99ZbLRnqbDTIHuQrQWt1s03CM0znCi3YvVahZsz/bPT8N7IUbCn9ii7pXFZuwab5yi7mB321nd30/4YL57eGbC/aRV2ps+8ze9vBWne5gvl95UPgbyGQD7S5DWE89v/1UEgH2l+dVOa/0J5DYF8pMlrCOe3/6uDQD7S/OqmNP+F8hoC+UiT1xDOb/9XB4F8pPnVTenP84UwE9y7d0/Onz8v586e1b8L58/Lw4cP1duC+xxJYslj4uf2RvlI83ObkV/BeHB7Mv4w6N6/f182b94iEyZMkH59++pfTHS0REVGyqRJabJr5y7ZsH69zJ49W3bs2CGnT51SBPv+1Y8Ro0+ePJG7d+9qW87Y6fICnPlIkxdQ/S9rE6/kWzdvyZUrV+TUyVOyZ/ce2b1rl+zevVs2bdokyRMnirdXZwkJDpHx48bJ5EmTJGVisvTv20/8/Pwkpk+MdPbyFvcW7uLl5Sm+Pp1l7NgxsmnzJtm2dats2bxZ5syeLakpKfrs5k2bFHl+KjDnI81PBflfQb+EKJ88cUIWLFggccOHS0x0HwnsFiht27QR386+EtwzRLp26SLdu3WT2bPn6E5h+tog27Vr1+XcufOyft0G2bxps8ybN086e3uLR+vW+tnVt4sE+PlLaHCIDBk8WCJ79ZL2bdtJcnKy3Llzx7S5t/Y9H2mcBDUL5caNG1li2p1sIlfVHxFmcP26RT+2XDXs7MM/iOzZs0c8O3YS9+YtpIuPj3Tx9ZVBAwfKyLg4mTtnrmzfvkPZrcuXL2dzVLXV3aVLl+TggQOyfv162bhho/Zz8eJF0R3t1i2ZMH6CNGnUWJKSkgR4vO2SjzROQvzQoUPSO7K37Nq1y8knc18d2WDSpEnSv39/uW3jNLXc92S7hSePH8vxY8fF18dXatesKQvnLxAQ49q1a+oXaMuV//Hjx3L27Fk5fuyYyi5nTp8W/mDtnpqcrwkynDt7Tu+dJcTjTduMDN802LtaNWvJ9PTpApK9eGk7D4PtN3Lu7s8eaZiAn5NGZf7cefLPf/xT/P383zq1nz59uhT4qoBUrlxZF6hzU5372szF1StXZfKkyeLt5S0NGzaSZUuXZskbQB0Q+siRI3L48CE5dvSoHD9+XI4cPiz79u6T9KnTJLJXhET3jpLRCfEydJbgDg8AACAASURBVPBgGdi/vwyPjZW5c+cKROnQwYMye9ZMGTp4iAwfFisjhg+X8UnjZPv27XLr1i31sIY169+vv/h29pFBAwfJqlUr9V7u39J+Cz9bpIHqoJ7ct2+/bNy4SU6cOKHbs/1Xytsa169dl6CgIKlcqbKcdyK8IbejQmPUqmVr+erLr2T8+PFZFmpu23bkeXaI/fv3y4D+A6VunXri4+MjK1asyDIONGbsICNHxIl/164SGhIsUb17S6/wcAkPCVPZxNfHRwYNGCjz5s5T1m3unDmSPnWqxA4bJlFRIFKCDOjXT2KioxTBlixeIksWL5bkCRNV65Y4ZowiKjsRfxvWb5QB/QdIx/YdZMzo0XL1ypUsY3Lk3Zyt87NDGnT1x44dk/nzF0piYqIMGjRYunTpKn5+/jJzxgzZu2evHDhwQA4cOCjnzp0TJvNtlwsXLkjDBo1k1Kj4t7bbQIGrVasusbHD3zprBlWfNnWatG3TVrw8O8vsWXOUqhtsGAhNnZ07d6pc07KFu+4O7BwL5s+XSWmTVMZZMH+B7jjMsXkhPuf2ndu66Pfu2ZNtJ4XbQIZCTd2iWTOZPXOm2nVoB3X0wgULpVtAgAwZPET27duXpzLnT4Y0CNQPiPm4fl2uXr0qly5ekoMHD8nixUt1ux0yZJisXLFSjh49Kps3b5bIyN7S2ctLuvl3kwB/f0WiiF6Rkpycots/RrK3WdLT06Vu3brKhuR1v+y6ISEh0qFDR3nw4O2+J3LK6PgElR+CewbrfBjIwrhOHD8hq1etlrFjx0qH9u2lU4cOsnXL1syYG+w0zDUxOHyywDFqHti/X25aOLHAFJY8C0Ia/XEP1m9EbKx4tGwls2fNVsJpBPcdPnxYggKDpEP7dnLs2FHTplz6/a0jDRqQI4ePyIqVK4WFlzwxWZKSxsm4pHEydGisxI0YJatWrtIdhO3eKAQ/waKh3kQY5rnevaOkbZt2Eh4erizLmTNn3pr8g1DeoUMHtT1YimI0xu2KzzVr1kiN6tVVm+SK9hxtg4C9YUOHScXyFWRE7HC5cztDxcsiRvCfOWOmBHUPEq9OXkrlh8cO052E9kGQM2fOqtFy1cqVsnTJUiWCM6fPkEEDBoi3l6fuRrt27pTTp0+rOho4sj7YtU6dOiUbNmyQjRs2yPGjx1QpAMwpsGUD+w+UapWrSFhomGzbslVugYCvXikSV61SRWWk169fOfqqTtV7q0gDZVq2bJlE9Y6WiIjeMmrkKJkyeYpMmjRZ5s+fL4cPHVa3CijQ7l27ZePGjbJzx05B3WhJGYAWBUoHj9+ieXPp3LmzwDq9rbJh/QapUrmKbN26Nc+6ZKEidGMAZCG+zbJjx04pWaK0BHbrnkW1y+JFVqlbu470ieqjRA64P3/xY8YbDJw9evRUo2VIz2Dp2aOnhIWGSnhoqIwaOVLiRgwX386dJcDfT42caakpsnjRIlUGJCUmKVIEBXaXgf36y/gxSdI/pp9MnDBBdyeQFs3agH79VSETGhwsSWPGyM7t2+XypcvSrEkzadmimTx4kIFkrobZW0MaEAbhr1d4L5n/RkXJIjAoC7sEk7Rm9RrdRaJ6R0l0VLR0C+imAuCmjZvkzOkzuh3Diplu2XyHKhUqWFDtBNhRTO+7GmhGe8+/fS4BAQHi09knTyzUwIcdtXmzFnLCTq4wY0yu+gR+iWOTpMBXBWXt2h/P1IF6L160UAp+VUAiIyLk/r0fFyasFAiFsdLfL0CaNGmqsgyaNOYO1TI7FPX4O3nypHIbaSmpMnzYMAkPCVV7T2Sv3pI+dbqsW7dOzp87L8cOH5ERsSNU2B+XmKgKBPqB1aO9lStWqAYuPDREhgwaLDWrV5NqVSrKmdOWk+/nFkZvBWlAGITCLr5dZdeu3bqN8rIIjhjBFGixwyU6OkaGx46Q8ePGqx2EHQaVZnRUlERGREpCfILKO1OnTlWh0HT3efX9K925YGOwY2zbtk31/rkFkL3ncRWpVrWqzJ41y+WIum/fXmncuInMnDXL3jBcfh/WGOt+tSpVMxUPwJsxtfXwkHZt2sqJExlpsGCXUN6sXLlKVcO9I6OlRbMWsmzpMofHhUIH2w/wNNhA04e5j39a3z59pGnjxjLLDCawdCuWLxM8CEqXLCmVK1VUbwXTNlz1Pc+RBqPVnNlzpGtXP+VpoZ4IirBmgwYNkujoaElKTFShDvYM5QDaFfTxTAYTBVVBc7Js2XIZN26cIoWXp6eyRYYQCECgPNOmTpXGjRtLzZo1Zc6cORbZOlcBj3boH1tC82bN1ADnqrZ5l8DugdK9e6A8fvL2NYSwvmjB/Lp00bNKea+jR49Ip44dpUO7doKGi4KiIDUlVbp26SptPNqIf1c/iYqMVoTJC3YSMwTqfvpijOZl/7790qa1hyDXrF2zJk/mP8+QBoAdOXJURieMVgv62jVrlR9ds2at+PkFSEL8aFUdI9wjCGLzQIsGpYFijRs3XqZPn6HesbhTrFy5UjUu16/fUDeWAf37q28S93jONEMKuwyarUoVK6l2zhywrv7NRNarW0/iR43KMo6c9gNrhOBcr279n8TzgHGDDJUrVZK01Ixc2xCxkJBgVfdCwCiw1rHDYqVu7boSEhIqU6dMlTOnTsvDPNTwQUT79xugsMFOZO4Zwf1VK1ZKFx9f3XVg+11d8gRpWMDIGFFR0WpwwtMVoT4xMUmvzZgxSxFl5syZkj4tXQEfHz9at1xsMykpqWoDGTJkqAwePFTGjhkrPXr0kKDAQElJSZNFixapdgXfo74xfVXdiVYNlaOBPMtXrJDPPvtcVq9enSOYsXBRMtCmqRbPUmPUnZQ6SakbNqTcFmSyVq1ay8i4kcr7O9oeCwZ5z954HWkPF/2iRYqp/AABZF5gQ1csXZr5OBb+0iVLy4ABgzR1bW77BY6OFJQOsOooKFAa8Nt8V0MGrlyxkhKy3I7LfEwuRxombt2atRIWFq5+QagOcXMICOgucXHxsnfvPp3YMWPGSFBQT3XJQHU5Y8ZMVaki67DwERRZAKdPn1H2DIMVbEB6+nTxaO0hY0aPke+/+16OHT2m2jOE0vCwMFm+fLkCEJauTBk3GT16tPk7O/Sb/ocNGSrt27WTAwf2212I9Ofh4SHhYeG5kqVgy0aOHClNmzZXnyqHBiuisIJQTZg4MZs3saNtmNZjZy9WpKh6AbCToyUM7tlTvjU5bRvN55eff6kE0fRZZ78z37jawFo5qr7/9ptv1SMBrVzfmBhVBly7ejVznmDxW7dqLd6enk4RHkfG7nKkgVUhNgIhEMqBAQqEWb9+g7qBgxQgCCrUk1aOFrQ3cIKZqlapLg/uP9CqyBU47Y1LSpIWzVvIwYMHte/atetKYGBgjgR02pw3d66qsj09PdXKbI8SzpgxQ4oXK66eufbewdp9FmvFChVl9uy5Do2bMQHzlJQU8WjVWjp26KDOj9bad/Q6O2ylChWVUEGwihQpqju88Tz9jhgRJ199/qWy1MZ14xNEuHf3rkMeG4cOHpIAPz/x6tRJiJVxpjBONLKtW7aSwQMHavAazz//9lvp2L69GsTNdyFn2rdU1+VIg2U4NDgsk03Cb2jnzoyApClTpgh/ABvWJ6cFylezZi1ZvCjrQbRQFxwphw4ZqsAr61ZOOnbsmEl9nO2PbX3v3r26EL08vdQ2YKsNENfb21s1hbbqWbvHQoQV9ff3V6WGtXrGdd4Xb2scF4lbweeLoC1T5YhR19lP2vDr0lW1ZKh+3cqU1V3caAdZAiQFsfBaNi/YrsYkJEhqaqpNuRIYjxg+QurUqiXuzZtJWEiweVN2f6Nswv+sZPHimWNk12lQt674+/n9vHeaGzduSocOnupgyZsCENwlUlPSJCamr7JRq1atUkHeLiTeVEBDgioSampQeiZ0xIgRuv2iOMAYatwj2Iltefz4CVKgQCF1szHuOdqneb3Dhw5J+3btJaJXhE0qDmsK4sCq5aQwTtgUXIdsFfrRHXv6DOnerbuyv+pv9cK1xk8IXu2atTT4q2rlKjJ/3nwdFgqAlORkKVWihMbOGHKkMWbeo2ePHtKmdWupU7u2ypyM2VJhFyDILCS4p/SJipKuPj6Wqtm9hrGzft166mKFiQO7UOUKFdV4CqvtyuKynQYEYaFGRkTpkdYMEq1YVGSUDOg/SA1V5sClDtoNJtwSUGkTJEOugM3CQdMoUBciAwmhjRsZl3mPWPSSJUtL0aLFxdPT22Xu4iAnyBgTE6PaOmMcb/sTgoF2EAVIZ+/OkpKc4hIZxtJ7MF9ES1arUk1KlSqtUZXUw0W/erVqgiUepYV5Yd5Q++K5zNzhYAmiWSq8D/IofmsakTkh+xEelp4zv0afGMPLly0n+/fvU7awQ9t24u3ZyWE5ybxNa79dhjQI7Q0aNJAVK1ZqXwCzX99+MgjNipVjHm7fuqXslLt7y2xerTRCG6iO//D7P8if/vgn5a9NXwS16Jw5c8XP3181cAal//LLr+Tjf32i8emm9XP7HS1gnTp1csx+5bZ/nmchE19CHAkaSUuEyBX9GG3AnhYvWkK++rJApkyDJ7Fb6dJWnSLZaXoEBSlrV79uXZUtbAn4M6ZPl1o1akhgQDe5dPGi0bVTnyDNwP4DpHjRorJ6VcYaTBgVLw3r1ZXLl3LWprUBuAxpLl++JOXLl1fbzM1bN1Vu6d4tUC5esD7ghQsXyYcffCgffPBX2bJlS7Yxcv/999+Xv334V/n9O+9IXFxctjpc0MVcu44cO3ZcXrx4KU2aNJFiRYspC2PxgRxeZGLwbKC/n6owBuJajh6xzcK5anywOWVKuUmRwkXVWEi7EEMiNu/ctR6jjztUsyZNpXrVqjJxgu34H7gNkm8QfJZTVhqHXrwByrm5yaFDB/X1Fy1YKFUqVJB9b+xKroKJy5AGmaNcuQrKj09MnqiWbJwubZXYYcPl/T+/L++99xeL9hQUBu/87h358P0P5B9//5ssWbLEYnO4ULRo7i59+8QIZ8ssXbJEDXPmigKLDzt5kUXL339LwQbSsUMnKV+2vBw9ckRfGw8Pt1KlVUliDQ7IEdhK0EBevZpxUJW1ulhncrtjqmwU0E3KuZWVU6cyzvRMSZ4o1atUUWS01ndOrrsMadQKX6eeCrJE9mH5t1eIhfnrh3+VggULWpwA3GA+/te/1DkQ7RDIYa2MGTNWatWoqcCHTWvbto266Firn3/dMQggc+BoW7VSZUEjRcH2hn9X3Ig4i7KoYy27vlZS4jgp+nUR9ZbGg4HYnpbuLSyy/rnp3SVIw5Y6alSC9I6MUvViubLl1KXf3sBwocHSj+8ZPmfmBWE/bsQIzT6CR6ytgicu2hwC1pjoDh3aq7XY1jO/hnvAnp0PQoFciZyHq5ElxUpO3xeVc5lSpTJlGLRTeGc0bthQIy1z2q6l5zjkiqSAr159b+m2zWt4Y7Rp3UZ3N3a4ksVLaFzNz1J7hmaks5ePrFu3Xl48fy7uLVpYlFGMN3758oWm6MGLGX2/Jcc76rIg2HZBAnuFXcjX10c8O3mqMqJ+vfqatM7ec47eR1aCemGTOHXypO6oxMOjDgehL5y/oLYVVy5WxgZC4CWAly9IAbuERzHWc0Kg2dGXL1umNitsZGTKwVuc9EmuWix4FxcuVEjWr1+XCS6yYpZ1K6s+gZkXXfBl3/79qug4nQO3ftbKzu07FUYoFVA5E4/l6uKSnQbVsnuLlso+gUCtW7dSr2RLg71x/brMmJ4uLd3d1VvAUp2cXmPnIr6lUqUqUrtW7UzrcE7aA2GN3MPE+cydO0/i4xMkNjZWPaknT54sY0eP0WQQOC3OnDlLpk1LlwP7c+97ZowXORGVO54OEydM1Dh9Ek+gvcKYh2cE1nAMqm092gq2lEIFC8lnn36m6nFyJruiIMtUqVRJjaiGM+aVK1fVIRb/QVcVkLxfTD/VzG3cuCFHzdLGyuUrpEa1atK/b1954uBxkc50lmukYXGlpqZJ167+yhJAdRs0aGjVbwr38i6+PvLO734nPXsEW91lnHkJ07rYfFg0pDh9/UPOBHbe6eyZs+pZgAtQg/qNpEKFilKpUmXVzGmAXHS0+HX1E3a04OBgzSBJ4gucUl1ROJYcmxCZJgnE6x0RqR7jaWlpKksgT2BJJxrSs1MnTXrRyr2lWsDRILEzYJR1RXn29KmyOSgDCF2mHDp0WEqVKKnh567ogzbQork3baYuNeSOcLagTEANj40Iw2pe5QnINdJAjT082sq8ufOVnSKNTlBQD6vakMePH6l/EW7nhQt9LfPmzXcp4rx8/kJq166t9h9ngW7UR77C+o81vHlzd6lQvpIUK1pcKpSvIDWqV1MWMCCgm/YREhwqUFu8qf/97/+oh7bRTm4+2b1LlSylIQd4O7PbgDDkQR44YKDGIvWJ7qPhwxgRCcEgcR55j6tXJXKxioaJ450AW5dTAmK8AyEYBb78SgYPGqSXYHtKFCvusrwFrCNCoFs1byY7d+wwunX4E5vfimVLxbezt/qbrVu71iG23uEOTCrmGmlwjqxWtbqQDwy5AgoPgG0V+HT0+J6eXlK3Th2ZOXOGGjJdocr95tk36k5BdGdOCvIWPPznn32uVndsIkuXLtPkH8gM48YlKR+PtpAk33hZI7hi1P3LX97PFlGYkzHwDFGtIGlEr14yfPhwGTZ0qAweOEjDekEiEgdu2bxFZcO7d+5kylPIP/Xr1ZOyZcrI0KFD1ehLmtitW7dkpjxydkw3rt+QiIhIKfjlV+ohwPMkP8H6jibNWkEWxVh5/949a1WUO8GXEPaT3YEcaM7IhdQl8UbSmLHi59NZBvbrq/PiTBtWB2flRq6RhoCkCuUqCDwu1mPUzQ8fOpZfF6E6OjpK2nh4SJ8+MeqmwSLFr4rE2Ai8IOWjR45HLiIH1KpZUzPXWHlni5fZXXCVmTZtmrRr21b++O67StFh1SjwysYfbADUm8hS/qCSqM/f/8v7gkHWFWXTps0aAnHy5AmNrSe+HnhdvnRJEQQCg8MmsDEWCGNFe9a8eXOpVLGixvcQ71K0SBFp1qSJqmKN93F0jCz8qZOnSKkSpaRwgQIaH4X2DBYV9xrTHAHmbaK8IEsmSS/2792rfntcI60tcLtw7rxs2bRJhg4ZrM6hqSnJet28HWu/CXFn/fUMDBIfT09JnzpFrl65bK26y67nGmngPWtWr6nOfAjidWrXccrl/86d25onIMA/QNzd3TXzCjm+eoVHqHcxznwXbHgVmENi6dKl0rpVK6diWnDXQT5o2qSpFC5UWMqVLauaoUaNGmv2HHZO1K6wYGgISZyH4XX06DGSkJAgAwcOUjbqs08/lT179poPKUe/4c1JzodGCCQFtlu2bNVQcZCbxOCo6pFtCMrjHpGMMX366Pjj4+Nl6tQpQkZKEn/8++OPpUmjRnLz5i2Hx4NSh+xB7ADFixZTexnWfdT6yDOdOnaSZ88s+5TRCUg9Oj5eOnfoKD0DA3WXnDBunKROnCBT0tJk+JBhegoAcVCwU4+czF2HxtLPt4u0aNxEFs6fb9W/zeEXdrBirpEGigf7wPEKuMx07dpVWQJnKBptQEU51GfAgAECAvl19Vf/KgLBHPUaZnGFhYXJsGHDnLLa477+8b8+lr/99W/KLmJUHTYsVvMmkyKVxB6kI0LgJ8iMfGsk+kCm6NOnjy4eDLSlS5WW27duOwh629VQaNSrU09jj4iV6datu8pS7dq2k06dPNXrmrwETRs31UTkjKtbt26qOHArXUY9M9gZ8fmCA2Dn+ew/nzrlAkQuh3p16kiZUiWldq1aUqpEcZmePk01iF8XLiyLFi7KzB9g7W0ePnggG9auU+TtGx0t3QP8pUf37hI3bJiMTxyniVMgCDlhzfFZK1WsmExISsox62lt3Lau5xppaPzcubNSsUIF3W1QgzKZBstgq3NL99i2sd+QM4Csm7BBjhZsGNWrV7Oq7rbUDpS8ZctW8vt3fq87DUFQsCSrVq1WbRkaKM5NQWbBgApFZJJhgzIMidc110Hz5i0Eo+7TJ08tdeP0NXZwkIb4IPImh4SGarQq6u3BgwdrRCpRqmS3XL5sue4I7DTkRoY9BYZGYcfo2KG97jbxo+IdUsUDyx5BPaTAl19K+XJlJT5+lNSoXlXGJyWJX9eu0qhhQ4sGaaNP80/YsiuXL8ue3bs1KQe+irDEOUEWo23epejXhWXH9u3Gpbfy6RKkYZF17NBRbQYkV2jp3tIhpAEhUDPyR0wMlJG2+MsJMHFZr1CuvKBJcbRcunRZihcrIR+8/4GYKg8w3uF9TXwMAr+l8WDsNLx3vb19lEUzfjvav7V6LKhmTZspNSde/9Lly8p+sPgePXpolRXB7w5FAGOjoIWbPi1dGtavJ1989pnUq1NX1ccI35YKsMdoGx3VW50fCxcsKOFhoSpntmzRXDPU1KhWXbr6+ubYudJSv6bXHJ1/fOBKFS/+y0QaXphk4M2aNlcDGAFn1tizb775VqkgfHlCwmiNh+nVK0KGDx+hQjhIx1EOJMt2lC0zAI76ulTJ0nLLCRYJQfLjjzJYMyI+DfYKzRSLdsmSpULmGyaSAgtIATmQZ1A8gOwk9CNePac7rDZq8g9PiYYNGihrxakJ7BaOFHYidk7DywLv4QrlykmRQoXkyy++kM8//UyKFP5aU2hx/AUeDfxxJAZEZ/68eRLUrbu62BcuUFDaeLRWzwPea1JamkZrompu37atS1ki1guyJYqBRQsXyKqVK+T48WM2OQ3GWq5UKRk5YrhGrDIXyFF5XVyy0zBILOFQOMJip0/PbiVm0cFbc4oVFm1OA8BXLTZ2hFracbhERiCoLLB7d10ww2Jj5bgTYdHDY4drjL4tx04DoLBlaOlIFYXT6J/f+7PajdatzXAVOXjgoHo5kEaKcGIm9ebNG8oGyQ/E+tyUVq1aKQFA5Vy+XHlV8Rrt5/aTnYbTvsg7wC5mpCpizAjixuIAmSBAEBgWNuwcArpRkidMkM8//VS++vxz+fLzL5Td+vKzz6VKpcri49VZ85XhUk/EJEkAa1avrgk1CGMmh9nmzZsyCcH9+w9UEdGgfn2pVrmy7mJGPzn9RBNHPuc1q1fLwAEDJDgoUPy6+KryIah7d5kwfrwixL69e+TK5SvyxCQH3OCBA8SteHGpU6OGdOrQXhMJTkpNzZTncjome8+5DGlYhITAcuAR6ZhMCwhDwogA/24qOLOToIVC+H/29JlSUewLp0+dVqqG2pnYGSzwnTp1Ehbw61e2rfssGEJ/q1ataldtCauFVoizIFnsf/7zn+VPf/qT/OEP7wrIS4F96dC+kyY6jBueEceTkZYqShGIKNIuXbrozsNCLlG8hKY5Mn3v3Hx/+uSJ7nTAoVHDxsq+0h5aItM0uIRGwxojZ7ELcpSft5dXZteELIMsn//nM/n808+l4FdfCUhTuGAhqVqpijRu0FCRk+P/ekdGql0IDRyZZlD5m++cr1//oMkRSxcvIUsW5169DhxJJdsrNEw8O3ZUF6sVy5bJqLg46Y5CqEvXjFMkBg2U2KHDJDV5oqqukSc9WrqLT6dOMnTQYIkMD5P2rVtJgzp1JLhHkHouGLttJjBc9MVlSMN40JSEhoaKR+s2akswxgglJEtM3IiRGpZssDjGfUufUNrkiSlSu3Yt1RSRPA82yFIBCRDSy5crp4vBSGZnqS7XoNKot0GUP/3xj/Lee+/pTvPuu++q1ow6sAqtW3toXjbUuhRc5NkZKUePHtMQbL6D/Fjvc5pjTRs0+8cOggsNqa7IJnnzTVjxpNQ0haUhOy1fvkLKupXXhQRxAqHQPhoF9gxk+fKzL+Sz/3wmX33xpcp9+KzNmjlLA8vWr1uv1FmPPbl2TRHU1oLj1Ic6NWrq4UvmSGX06+gnstcmTgdYt162b9umBJT5xPaFzxtsMl4Oa1atkrGjR4tXx4561MawIUOkXq2asn7tOk1je/bMaVm2eLFq5mpVrSJtWreSZcuWZrLVjo7HkXouRRo63L59mxT5uohwPASFySW1qpent0NaG9NBM3G0Qyw8+XtJOmGpsBN17NhBfbA++sc/NY7GkuAOi8WOhpvG118XkXfeeUf+9N578t6fQJr3NEqUbDkUkKZRo0YaYm1EjHKY0ZgxiXp/7dp1EhgYpN/xNi5YsJDV8WklJ/+BAD0Cg9Q5NMAvQDV1NIGaF1hyn0KC9E4dPdWe893Ll3r0OJ7ORiEXdnCPnhpF+em//6OqZ1L3oh2zRoSMZ619QvQ49s+jVas8y09g3rci0t27aqAN6NpVqlasoDkKTLWVcDvkmg7pESQVyrlJuzYe4iqnVdPxuBRp0IINHDhArelkjYcKsdDd3MrKmtX2g9JMB2Z8B1ike8IVBO8A88Lihofv1i1A2QnUpGVKl5bt27arMAzSPnr4SE9OmzVzptqQsCVVr15d/va3v8kf3n1X/vjHP8pf/vwX+eifH8nixRlpoWi3adNm6s9FwgYK2hqDfcOjGb8zCkccfv75FxoioBdc8A/Y9QrrpTkQyOlMNsuMvvZJF18/RRJ+h4aEqucC3zEOktoK7wSjYH3HlQXkAmmw8xi7lFEnJ58oEbDhLFmy2KrSJyft2nsGQrp29Wpp3rixyjAgimmBMG7ZsklPDqhcvpykTBifY+Jg2q7pd5cgDRQLXyl2BPIElCxZUqpUItv8HVm0cKEUK1ZcBWfTjp39jv0GodG84KTIcRAc/kM5feqU2hBaNGuurA0aLnL/chIxSdMxUibEx6sVvU90tHotf/TRR/LB+x8qawPiU1CBt23bXlkYDJkUknig8aOQBWbokGH6ndiVL7/4yiWCsTb4Jo6G/Mgzps9Q4Z6kixTsV2082mZGsRI/RDJ5yo0b1zU5uOnRGHoDX7FVq1RzRv3cslS08RfU4gAAIABJREFUyeIlOTpKG1e0Z4zTkc8nT55q361btBD87swL64TdtWqF8uLVoZ3ah8zr5OZ3rpEG3hsvX/ydcJNHGYCQTXwNMSioYYltgS1ytDAJjrAO2Hk4CS0yoncmQkFpNm3cqAY45Cj+cO/HTQZWj6yeADVDG3ZTdu/eI/Xq1ZM//+nPesqAMUZUz23atFNXGZ6lTEqbLCNHxut3UhuBOBQUG6i62Z1cWTgUlr7xRJgwYaI2ffHiJalVs46m6+UCygpOkqMQuEVGfew65oWjGL/47HNNqeQIbM2ft/Qb72oCDlkDaBDpH7WvMwZpS+3au0b4CYkFO7RpLXfvWPbA2LZ1mzRr2FDq1KjuEoWF6ZhyhTQI1Lh4MFEcEooq1NgucVVv3qy5pjPt1/dHO4dp5+bfATxtEODFIsHAaPDu5nX5zeKoWrV6Zs4zow4sHcI5ntQGothy+uTIj9/99h19F6MN1Nb16tVXl3w8einEoE+elCHzEMeSkTzvB81b3bhR40wbjtFGbj/jRyUIGX1AHM7soWDpr1ypqmbe4XfHDp6KzHwnow+qZA5RMi/4y+FGwynItmBq/py13+w0hKq3atlSPZ5BIKg7B8mOHDFChXdXsIHm/f/w+gf1uatVvZqkT5ksL9/Yzczr4RPX2dNbqlaooCdFG+vSvF5OfucYaaDWaalpGr2HJua8SSI/BoK265///Kf8618fy6aNmy2ODYrHBCJYIswPGTJEkQ/VcUREhPqhoVrEXQQHRvPJnjdvntStW19emPG1FjuzcRGqxFHjOIoy0fSDtqpa1WoaJoAmj4IqHLU4BRYIxGTsGHU5RNbVZdGixeLT2VcRH0dUCmmqiO9BHcxu6dnJW2a8sYstXLBA6tSqnalpM8bDXHF+zCf/+ljCQsIsejcYdR35hBPgOIsa1WpIzeo1xLOjpxpEyXHHiWbd/P0lwK+rTJ08WREZn0Q8GVxRsNW0adVSvDt1tOn58erVa4mJ7itVypaVdh4eLlVY5BhpFi9epGpW+H3CAszL2LGJ8tvf/lbtJubGRoDOeZUcTouz5MSJyRIe1kvDAxYsmK87DAqEDRvWqzsIuxZnarJoTQtI06hho8zdzfSeM9+xicBulStXXkaOHCXJyckSP3KUlCxRUpHZaItFyh+Fd1CNzr17UqJESQ28M+q56hMYkJoKGwwyFgX7Ed4X/AaZGzZoqHIP9whU41DZaVOmakzT/v0HVHmCgbREsRKqjreWBsuZMau859FGihT6WnAOxZPi4P4Dyp5yYCwaLBAmdsgQ6RUWrmdjrlq1wpkuLNaFDcRLulH9ejJ/7pzMubBYWUS90Su7uYl70yYuzYqaI6Rhwfh07iyVK1YWfLfMCwurffsO8oc//EG1TdQ3CiwYpwZgkOOI7d69e6t3ANdQgxqL0qjPwsR/CpcSLPP8NgqH27Zs2TLbDmTcd+YTXpzTmmtUr6FBbGSGxKYBq4j9ggkzijFGdhmSB7JLuTJW3ugHeGA05QwWQw5hFzSs/2jFSMi3etUqhQG7CbYYcn+R7bRD+w4qw3BMBiHgwcEhTrsmGWMxPtmJU1NSNNl4g3r1ZfCgwZnqcKMOn7DuZ8+c0aQfU6dMke3bc3eYL5mJCFDD/w3Pc3suVsAJWbNimTLi4d5c15bp+HLzPUdIgyYLhEHdaamwqDhDpkDBAqrtMeow8WiuGjRopJF6hw8fUTaDBcsCtFUSx46VOnXqZtp6sExz7g18tbGIbT1v7x5Axt6yYP58mT93nn72iYrWDP5ELRItCcXGIAgiEW0Ke4q6m2Tfxk5grx9n7oM0n332mdSoXjPTjcb0+cePHqncBnUnEybeDbBg1atUlSaNG0ulChWkTOkyUr1adQ2ZgKXLbYGVbVivnuDiQr4ACIqtAsEE0YiINS2PHz1WFT2RnxBFW8oD5DgQpUmDetK+jUfmseum7Zl+58zOmTNmaDrcCm5lpH7tmqqgstWH6fP2vucIaeCRq1auqoklYBFMqb/RITEtpUuXzsLLQq2Ju0crRRvOFIBL4oqFCxfqY0cOH9WIUU5Sc2UBAfnjna5dvabnfMKy4elAIg2Ol0BjFBoSosdicCAVsk1eFNhackf/+5P/qFqZUAkWIESLMUKEoMCkcSKSEkEfZ8p5c+bqeaSMjUhUXJhYeJbmyZlx0ycuL2R6IYWsKQfhTDvUJYBs2JBhGpgWGhwio+NHaYSqaTuMF9ji1lPezU2aNqgnc2bNtMlZMMbp06Yr4SAPXsVyZaVSOTc9ygOC6IqSI6RhYGjGChUqpAFZaJfMJwTh/dNPPxVYKAO4IEq1atX0dAFnB892j0Fy4MCB2teQwUOlcaOm6sTnbFvO1GfsEAbkCrRTpLpFKMdVByprb4d0pi/zuiAFUZnkpi5VsqSq70kjRWINPBc4pYGdFoMmSUrIesmhucCKwpHtIJkBf/P2nf1NO2hJkS9pNzeFA7lWLF8pKC8Yc7MmjaRXWKjKreSYo5CHIbhHsNStXUcdSufMnGEz3wDPMC5f786ChzZ5EipXKCcYOYsV+VoiwuGMHDui0Na75QhpoFoYMRH0P/zgAw1xhsUyLVBA7B+VK1eRfXszBHi2RzLFoFZ2trDTIMxywhrplVq2bC2rV691CWvmzFggDuYEwpnnna2LaheXffKcBQUF6R9BaSALPmY4tLZr116dVVEAkAQjrwpIjDNo8+bNMkMP6AvCkRPEhCXG9Qf71swZ06V7twB9D4zIKH0C/P2ldcuWgr8dOxsKG3uF+Cey8RQtXFhKlywhFcuW0T+C1dDoiYPnetrqJ0dIk5qaIu+990f53e9+I7/97W/kj3/8k1rLTTtiYWEjKVmylOY3g/pBsTk6g/NDnC2EQteoXl1ZE87b7Nevv3z7bfYjsZ1t95dSH1YNwyyuRCwowiz27N6jUaPIhmfPnsuirMiL90L4JkFHgwb1M43VuNOkJicLocc4rGIawL4G8r4yUdrYGw+sO2llkR05p8azYydp1rSpxtU4o65m92/RtJmULFZc3EqVklLFi0npksWlSKECEhUZYW8YDt3PEdIQF////O//Le+++3v54osvNQEGgVLmBYMScTO4uRw6eFgnlcQbzmZsYcvFezekZ7Bcu3ZVXeZRp+aXtwsB4mmaNm6imkwWJ+yTv19XjX0hN0N4eJgeU9/Z21sie0XInNmz1fPd0VHC9qNQ6ezlJQW/Kig9AgPl+XPn2EDW3PKly4RMpAmjRklwjx6avMPH21M9RRwdi616OUIacm598vHHGnSGWg9+3xo1gPr8/e//kM2btugWTqqmVq3ayMGDjmd/hNUjY+SouJGSlJSoaaIMvt3Wy+Xfcy0EXjx/IV6dPPVo9GHDhmqmVB9vb0UOZLxNmzZquic0nb4+Pnrm5ewcpK0NCQ5WmYSAspwUWFp2RXZn2Hpidg4ePOCynThHSAOVIdMjWzFHU9sqpD76z38+VS9j6qFebNOmrcaIsFtAXewVAFCuXDkJJ1DJ01Nd4R15zl679u6jpVqyeInmYLNX99d8H1gjKxBP1LB+QylZorgGjCVPGK9nqhoEjHoGG37wwAGt065NW9XwOQofZCMcQdF87djxdhNmODrGHCENjcMyIRjaK2icPvroY5k/f4FWBbB4RLdo0UJatWqtGSmt7VJG2zyD1qhWjVrqqUx+MjRDeVkQUqdOnabJ1Mny8lMXxgOcgMXbLAQWosHD1w7HW85/cW/RXD0OuGer4PXR2r2VRoQS9QoRsld4Ty/PTnrArZEcxN4zb/t+jpHG0YHiO1a+fEXN22VMOEoCNELkfMYLuV+/fpqRxlabZNxs1qy5VNDQg1Iu9SWy1O/Klaukfv0G0rNnsEPBZbwTxwqyk+ZFgQVG+cHn2yhQfCIn40fGScP69dUDgBDp4sWKyaxZM7MQTIR40jNdv3Yti4aL62THwUnUo5WHTJ+eLq/sHJsCHP27dpGmTRrnWq2dV3DKc6QB+HFxIzUnGAhkFIADr4lWrH69BtI9oHumfcGoY/6J2vXDD/6qR527wrpt3r7xGy1Oq1YeerYkbIkj6lS0Wi1auKvG0GjHlZ/AimTsBL7Z8th2RZ9Qe1xzUNFWKFdWqlWupMI02qyKFSuq+z/9EJIM+01ka1D3QImK7K05pzGmIldQ4EhQGHBv9qyZdtX1xEO1aNpUk3zkpQ0sN3DKc6RhcLiD4NOFU6S5rh3gwgZ9XbiI3bNdcJspXKiIRlQSt5MXhUQVeBZHRUU7zIvDxxMx2q5duxydDKaLb+3azMAyS++FVgitY60atWXmzNkOIbKldhy5RkJEfLxKFi+uIcPp6dMUURDwyStHsnuIHgnhQSS0ZZx3SppcgtyaNGqiLLjRF3UvnD9v0RXIqANhgm0PDw1WYyRIBvL+HMtbQRqiIVE1f/H5F5qmBzuNaXwDVJTIRxJvAGDUjqa7Erwt7jO1atbWvMl4N3fx9XU5UAlu8vfvJhHhkVl85mxO3A+iQXcQBRQjOSkslpo1aoqRPspaG0Qs4hnetEkzjcQ02F1r9XNy/crVK9KxfTtNQQshQCtmyJxr16zR5CVoM+k7fdo0iRs+Qnbt2qXpsHDGJUUX6mIjQM+RMYAwBMl5e3pKvVo1pFrF8tLZ01Pmzp4lly6ef+tynL0x5znSbN68RVmd0qXKqOczbhicVkbycAMxmBQ8cv38/BWZEscmaiJ0oiopaOrq1a0rXXy7yOXLV9QfqUrlypopxhHh0h4QuI9VmnER9IWh0NGCfxraQALFDJbE0WeNeidPnJCiRYoJrkH2CgszMDBQQwLwrHAl4tDWpLRUKVG8qPh37arqWqN9Pgk9KOvmlulmzw7JeIxi1Cla+Gt1NTKuW/pkF2H3ga0l6V/LFu5Sv15dGZ80VpOll8dTu24d6RMZIWtWrVTDuKV2fopreYo0UKlatWpLoUJfy7ik8SrEElU4a9Ys3dZJbHf50mXdXQAegjRUh5gP3NkJ7MJfjdQ+uJcb2WiQZ7ATFSlSVGL6xGjiiNwAD/eevjF9pW3btnZZRPN+QH6ya5L7LKcFZMMlhvxmLER7heTo1avXEDKZsjO7qjA3yBMcSstx5qYFhCC7P4nQzeOjjHoI/uRhqFWjhuB5ba1ALCenTZLAbt00g1Djhg306PLkiROUhcNlhkyhgwYMlHatW0nbVi01jsZVXsrWxuXo9TxDGiIfPTw85JNP/q1hxGSEMQrAnTVzhpQpXUp9jTh09d7de+qagRobRImM7K3ZYXDX55opFScHwYcffih/+MPv5Z///Eh3CAT2nBbYDcIcWCjO8NHsEGTtxyk1t4uXxBcEvS1fZl+9DWu7bNlyVfsaO0FO3914DqGbQ6O+LlhIwyEseaETUMahXZbu0Q7IXK6smwwaOFB+MEFmYMP8cAoBLB0HVeEfRjYbVNnxo0ZqkkAjiyiEkyNBQK4Z6dOkJqEO9evrjsS9n7rkCdLwYqSIJdVrz54hFmMlSC86PT1dGtRvoPIJi5aANFI14QKPF++f//wXiY7uk3kGCpqY06fPaNIMcnshgP7rX5/IX//6dwX+06f2HfosARxBnjRRL99411qqY34NJGbyu/l3y+T5zes48xsqSnLA0OAwh4R8FrkrtUtwBYQuFy9SzKoGkHTC1CFexVJh7kqVLKEJ44375CWbM2u2Zr1s5e4u7s2bqytOVx9fTXiB6z87l7XEK+y8eIJUr1xZOrVvn6OjBY2xuOozT5CGxNUcjkRe58OHD1sdKwegwpdDqQE42jEQAfVzaGiY5hcoUKCQDBgwSNLSJikr1r4tHr3dNNYFFwliXT75+BP5+ONPZNWqjENUrXbowhvYmfDDwjnRFYUdgwTjNavXypQZXNGuo22MGDFcvvriC00AaC0qkkyXhFOTQ80UYWGxySlHLu/q1arJg/v3tVt2xBnp09WdpmXzZtIvpo/MnTNbyOh57MgRh+0w2H9Qf1d0c5N+0dFZlEiOvp8r67kcadiK+/frp1krJ06caPcFWSxMAMdjEP+O9y5pYL2JiSj8tXzwwV81VJcUSY0bN9Z4dNNsK1Apcpv94+//UIHc0PS4EkjmbbHL4B81bOgwu+9n/qyt34Rc1K/bQI86t1XP1fdgf9FGcqpAWmqqVVYTIhcWEioctYHGzGAN8bLGgFm1cmUZPHhQJosLQaxds6bml96wfp1cvXpF/b849s941tF3Wb50qVSpUF6a1q8vhy0kjXS0HVfUcznSIBCXLlVKvvj8K6e0UMbLAExUznv37lMWDUGfqER2FBQFqJ/NAc4WTg6Bv374N5fmUzbGZP6JPAFvf+qk9UNazZ9x5Dfy1NgxY6VxoyZ5GhdjPhY0h+REqFqlst1YepQxuO3DERghHpyxStZ/kq0ju/wgGZGv/WJi9IiPKZMm55q4IO+09/CQSm5uMnH8uGxrwPyd8vK3y5GGSLzf/z7jVDFkkNwUBE6cQ/kjFseWEEjGmv/zf36jsTu26uVmPDyLirVd2w7CKVyO+N452x+G4Ab1G0pKcupbWxhHjx7RgK3O3l52FzecBOm5ihUpkpmLjXcEFqYsG7E+dWvXlgb16mXLS+csTKjPnE4cN07cSpdWT+u8yMng6LhcjjQk3vuf//kfzQppviM4Oqic1MP15R//+KeUKV1WNXE5acORZ0iugWrYPFLVkWcdqaO7DZb2Js3yJFmH+Rju3b8viYljVZ4hUtKROWM3qVyxoiauYLc13PDZDRDsOdLQ19tH2bjZs2bZRUTzMVn7fWD/fs20U6ViRU0Mb61eXl93GdLAIh05clQz7f+///M/eqBrXg/etH1kmxIlSsj7738oW7duM73lsu/0wdGIiYmJNne93HbIosSTGw2iI4vY2f4wCKOgIS6KvHUkRSRlbdUqVdXYaK89ZLr09HRp16aNdPHxlV5hYRog2DOohx4riJasrUcbVQ64yvjMmPAcIT2VW+lSGgqdlxyFLRi4BGm2btmmxjnSuP7jH3+X//t//j+Nu7CmRrQ1oJzeQ2VboUIF+e1vfispKTkLXrLVNxNENn6SE1669OMhsLaeyek9+sJdhsydzhxh7kh/2M9iYmKkVctWeuxGkUKF9ewacryhhfTz83PIhR9k2Lp1qypDiKgN7NZd/0Cc8YmJqnZ2tVIGbSnJQwhfhvVzde5sR+BHHZcgDcd1k2ADu8y77/5Bfv/O75RqOWLddnSg9urRFymjfvN/f6OnH9ur7+x9BOC6devp0RuvXuW9IyG2qoYNGmv2UVdSVGL6MaJy0FOBL7+SCmXL6V+hAgX17NF6detZtfibwww5hlwA+BayoPkjQeD9e/fk9WvXGiHZcTk5ARcdjmYnSI2j610JG/P3s/bbJUhDInASYI8cOVLPmB86dKgGLpk6ZVobgKuu37t7V0qWKKEZcnBoxMuAdLmuYG94j6je0dKmbTu7mR1d9T6oZUcnjJGaNWo5de6ovf5hMTFSBgUGqS8ZqbY4kwe/soT4BE1RZaRQstfW27xPqDWHW7EzgjDFixaV1i1b6cnVIOrbRB6XIA1WX6gLAiEUHw1TbjVnzk4Ii6FokSKaCvejj/6lUYb4kqWmpFq1YDvaBy4ueFhbOvfF0TZyUo/E4bVr1ZXBg4e6bFGg/ULzhCIDIyQaL+YK7eT9e/ddFkefk/e19cx3L79TOblmjRqarLFu7VpSvGgxqVe7roZHL5g7L0+0mZbG5BKksdTw274Gsrq5uck7v3tH3nnnd/L7d97RA2gLFCggEb0ic4zEZK/E7R8PBXzm3maBeo4ZPVZq1KhlMWf22xzLT90XHANGbdKC4fKzbt1aGTVypKqfSdUU6O9v1SfO1WP/1SAN/DUeCM2aNZMSxYvLfz75t+46JDTk+ELSD+WkYP8hH7IrD6F1ZhyEN5cvV0EiIyLk4cOcvYMz/f2c60JEYJXZLfmEuyBoECfQDevXZ3oi5PU7/GqQBkDBHiKwr1+/XhNgR/XurTmXOc4jp/IVicUJ6XWl6tSZSYV96uzlrUdacNJYfskKAXYgtLSmXvBZa7j+168KaQzwYCDEcxmV5LWrV3O14JkUZ8IFjDG48hPr+vRp6bl6D1eO57+9rV8l0vzaJhXWE5ciV2gCf22w+SneJx9pfgqo5/f5i4ZAPtL8oqcvf/A/BQTykeangHp+n79oCOQjzS96+vIH/1NAIB9pfgqo5/f5i4ZAPtL8oqcvf/A/BQSyIQ3qzbv4j/F3/75aX1F1vnyZcULAi5cv5fmbk5gxKN2+e1fu3rufzTcKY+KDBw/VH4jnHz1+LN++ye/Liz599kyemB1W++TpM+0Xi69ReI4/04LLOXYY00J7t+7clW/eHP3BfSzI32GzeeP+8vK77+SbN9Gk1DdO6uKd79y9p3Vpk9/3HzzQdzPGyOe9+w+EoC3aYYzU4e/hm4Njefbh48d6zXRsxnfgBryMCEd+P36ckUEHJ0nDQJcxnruZv4Eb80H/Dx4+VNUz9ZmfO3fvZr4TGTj5bemEONpk7LRBODIl4xrv9CCLOtvo33S++G6MW8dzFx/De5nrgvZYBw/enAzAu2X0dz/bXGH3Am74KBpzbayR28yhScTvj2vsnnz/Jn0Tz/OextzQ9+MnT4RnjbVIe6wBPnkfwwn1wcNHWofnjXVBu+btKYCs/MuGNCym7bt3y8RJU2Tzth3aMZOw90DGIUyHjx2T8xcz4km279oty1auksNHj2UC1Ohnz/4D0j20l5w8fUYXZGS/gbJi9Vq9DaBGJY6T0eMnGtXl2o0bEjcmSeKTxgvtUng2bkyijE+dpIvNqDw4Ll7GpabJ6zfHTty4dUtGjk2S2IQxsnLtOq02Y958uXbjply4dElmzss41ffgkaMyb/ESvZ8yNV3bZAGkz56rz27evkPvnTx9WmIGD5VRY8fJpq3bdLLmL1oi4X36yeC4UXLl2jW5fuOmDB89VsKi+8r0OfN08o+dOClxY5NkzPhkOXEq6+kBLKLUqdNl6KgEoW8mjPElJqfqhNPGkWPH1ZDKeIDF3EWLFPGPHDum/UYNGCRTZs7Sa9t27pSYwcMUXgcPH9HFkZSSJkNGxsvYiSly/eYtA1z6eejIUek3JFbhOXfhIl1IR4+fkL5DYmXE6LEyb9ESnUPmZvb8BTrOscmpilA0sHz1Wtm2M2NelqxcJf2GDpeJk6cqYvDM4uUrhXmZkDZZ2969b7/0GTREIvoOyJxPY0DALnXqNFmweKnQFnMAkZ09f6HMW7hYZi9YqDCh/o7du2XJipXC+IEhfTGWZavXyPrNW5RIcm36nLmycctWrQdygyjjUyfLqTNn5fjJU7Jr7z6FEesyecpUWbBkqZw9f0HbW7FmnSxduVrbMxDJGKulz2xIA3UGG9Nnz5Fbt2/rBD1+8lQWLVuhu8Oa9Rvk3IUMpOH7voOHlArynGlhIA3cPWTdxk2yadt2qd3MXVKnZBxfDrVkAQYEh8mtOxk5tLbt3CWBYRFy6MgRuXApI1tl3NhxkjBuorDYGQPl0pWr4t8zVML69M2kNDPmzJdh8aOFxX7uwgWtN3jEKGExQQD6x47Qa+s2bZYRoxP1e0hUjCIqC8c/JFwn1iAGW7bvkNCoGNl38LBcv3lTAUu7EIE1Gzaq8yfUkIUS1qefnL+Ykahw6qzZ2hf9QgRMC4sIJDt6/LgMHZkg23btkm+ff6uLHCQBAaCUwKZz9yCFG2MDrpwSsHjZCkVQ+oJ6zpg7XwYNHyn7Dx3Rhc0iCY3qKzt275Gk5FSZOTfjPCBjDGvWb9R3P3bilPSMjNJdavO27TJs1GgdU8+IKLl1+45cvHxFQM7DR48rIVm2ao02QZsgFmX0+GQZnzZZIBLsunAUPE/fjJmdgF1w0IhRMipxgq4PYxx8sqvPXbRYbt66LfMWL1VYAU/WGARw4ZJlwnqgrF63QfYeOKjPAAsQDGQ+fuq0Ej364t2BLUSHXRMkwnN7eMIYmTV/gRK+patWa3twLeNSJ2VsCN98o8gKkTl6/GRme1rRxr9sSGPUXbx8RSZ7ANsEFZ81f6EMTxirC5d6LJrE5DQdAIM3LVCDHr16y9jkFFmyYpX49QyV5CnTtApAGDpqtET2HyA79mTkawbre0REK4UFESkgGxR/zMQUuXjlil5bu3GTJIyfoBML9aEMjI3TMQAsYxz9hw7XZ9nhogcNyXyW8VOCI6P1PQBybMJoHc+qdRsU4Ft37JS23r4yPm2K7irUhxL2GTRUdwdtgIySBw/JqMTx+gzXWDRRAwYrArP7mhaoNxSOiU+dmi7z3+x47BjuHb1kzoJFyi6yeBLGTZB+Q4bpDvbNG5Z2/6HDMjB2hLx+ncFazZg7TzoHBEnatOlCNhjeOyg8UndNxgDlNC1rN2ySXn0H6HXfwJ5y78EDAWnYKZlHCBaw4N1BCsY5deZsmTJjljbDwpqzcLF+T0iaIIHhkbrggTkcAX2zEzAOkJq/CWlTZMmK1frddCws3LmLlsjFy5cV+SEwvPeUmbOVi2HX2LF7rz7C2mE33rR1u7bNuNZs2CSp09Jl9foNikTfv/pe+g2N1Z2FHYWCBwXIN23mbEUcdiajpE6bnsk5Mf51GzfrnGh7JqyhUd/80yrSLFy6LBNp4BenzZqjVAj2hpelrF63Xtju4CMBkmlh0mBFesX0k9j40TJoxEgFInVYNB26+EsnvwBlZ7h24+YtOXT0uKRMSVcE5dqlK1eU9YOVAzkp7Ch+wWHSokMnpXZcY+HOX7JUF6+RMrX/sBG6QKBoIB4FoLADwSeza1y9fl13K6j/hs1bpbsunPvCThPSO0aOnzqVuZtBzUCam7dva1v8A2nikyZk/r59546cOHlaxwjbw4QYBSIyZkKKygCwpbAcFPhy/+BwpZL8hnKzk7OgPf26y+Fjx7UeSDNg2HD9zj/mg3c5deaMPH/xUqlyv2L1AAAVbElEQVRtUK/eSnF9uveQq9euZ9bly9qNm8XTP1AWLl0u6zZtUpYT1rNztyCBsAyIjdNr9ANbBQJAkUEcCgvXQBrgDWtm7HpXr9+Qrj1DVU4xfWeQxtipTAcD0kyeMUvYfflDToYtggtg3cSPmyBPn2bIrBAy6piuscdPnyiMJk+fKbv27te1xxpDhADxKaxZOCFYbjiN5Wt+RJqUKdNkz/6DmUNCFoTLmDx9lux8Q8Qzb1r4YhFpnj37Rqb9/+3d+5NVRZIH8L9uf9ifdmNjZydmInZnV8fYcXyMsDAjOoyDOuuiLKsDNAI9NM/m1TQIzbNtUEBFRF4qrwZ5KYg6iw/kpevZ+OS9eSmutw1omZgf+mTEvffcc6rq1MlTWZmV+a2qFStbyODPv/wyzBIM2fHaG/GilLVp62DYpMyidhSxscXSFauqKf81tZo5p7si3YRFT0GA1gxsCNt04m8tO3s5xgCzu3uqyU8/U2EG8qAEhl2sUTNTps2YFY1aGsKgTkyUSVOeqmbMmRfX5KWujw0PVwfeeSeOnSMEzK5nX5gZ5WoYZ86ei57dWODZ52eGWveSNCYabeiVV6MuHArul43YSdpEY/PSEbOMcDMdaYKSPrr4SWjEaTO6olc8c66xwZVxmXESTYs0nt6VfdGAdDjMQ8TsmT5rdhz76l83EOYtAdRY8JV23X/oUPX4k38IzdtKXFVh7nV1/ynMP706osnxnOYnODoEY9pnpr8QfGam4Rly75X9DU1DGCZO/l0IlY4NH1kizLGBTVtbnYV3vqC38S6jkOaXPDpfHUbWxXP3LOmNOvSu7m+Z6JsHhypWjzHitaYD5s29e0OQaFlajvY1lty2Y2eYbToez2GMY0oIPpbCS3vqHJD2o+OnoeYv7o3xT1nXTscdhUavyrbNXkOD4V1A4SG5dCmOaQeDLJpHnpLYx3ogAzHXT587F2V6uV6Eh8IoYxiNDvPYpF4grwu6+Mmn8Z8GkpY9qxeWnu0vvfIM/By/uXdf9XFz1f3jJ05EHj3O8MmTUV6mw6DzH10MH5IX7hnkvXDhYvRaPEC733orXkyOrzRu6bJuCtRjsuvTq+Ne+w4eqvYdPBgetbhp8wsvjYvc+/iJ96uvv745Bsy6Ssqj9/6pM817n26Zm8rOsaR0bP839rwVL9wxOjZ8IhqwX7wviWeRA6MkvDp77oN4d/iX0x+8Kz24BqkBymvcp1NAp06fjXvTtHjAyrhw8eNKY8avtDq0oRwnlvclLO1jPu/ReBWfjHW0M3T+wsXgsXLVBWlbnpGm807ZONoZrSudtqg8HkfleUfJI/ndh8cziYWgg83y8vxIvx2FxkO7aUkpQH7LYxrGwySjMo80GoByyo90Oe6QlkBmXsfJGNcwg6s707fXq8yrEapLluWejtvzKCvSZUWrKhp9aMqmhUlA1INw5r0ld5zPHvVrexbn5GvvQPJW8rpPWYZrWdfvS9f+HI2ybkR58mc5+ZvnyjLTxX7LuW8aJmT5bPH816+32oAOi0czp7Ar23O0P4v/5X0dl//zvvEshema5zOtZyuPG/e62caSj5lG/nyv2ovyUfJZp5bHzsvnGZM6lZfXOv12FJpOCetzY5cDGmGaoGOXCzefvBaam7yoj2oO3BYHaqG5LTbViWoO3ORALTQ3eVEf1Ry4LQ7csdDwavCI8JUn8WoZLJZ09eq18JWXA7Dyeh6L9MufZCAtTwzOmt4Sx7xtPDW8Xchguyyb3W3AOBK5Bw9UerqkM3gsB5PukS5Q5YWH7/Llisu9HNy330ed85zyWgPRb7+NvImHa38mPELOl89y+asr4Y4tt+ArnyvrlefK/I3naThADNw9c1l25lHfrGs+G36U/JEmB8zK4KlKai/TNV6xRt0abUG5eY/ELipPW/He28vAe/mTXM+6OS7TC1N8cflyq34cQY1nbzhj8h1kWXfz946F5r0jR6pNg4MtuAqXpYAZXBnoBBJt5lvf9PJQRMk7Vfibb/4vos+CWfKnC1AAkquZW3HtwIbIyhXI3y9affJUI7AKpsOlmQQouWrt+haT87xfg9i5CxcFTAO+6dJnDQCoaHy6o/ntl/X1VXBZCaoUKYZoWL9pcyug62Us6O2tDhQRf4FLATMvjhs2B83qu3LN2mrolR3RMQApbn55KKr2/qnTEdcAeuRK5mZFngmsRlzhZBOuFBeaX0ePHa8GNm+J4GhChsBvEusm5nDt2tUAbYp7gNus3bDxO50aNyw3rY5oyfJVUbqgbpZpbey5CxbGdRcJEJwY4Thw6N3vxDOUt2x1f0TqYRbRhq2DAdHRqQiM4h3eKrd//UAF2pK88tzOweC9sacR1Re72rS1gSU8cvx4wLqUKz62rtm+MtDOlY/3BEvb+/LyrZ14VOgufd2x0Oi9NPDskectWByRdgJztdnTgz5gHAyb6xk7KeusVxKQygaTzINvEtXlc//jnAagU3xgcNv2iM1cafbO8xYsCv97lukeAp+JZs3zftV1ytTnAmRJAAaHtsdlgk7o0Yo1a6u9+/eHP/+rK1djo1WN/Lk/zqqODZ9saUN1e+HFuRGcjYxVVS1btTqAj2IjmwaHog7iWnN6FkZ58ujF9Y4aBgLCnDj5iXDl7jtwKPigUREYsSuC3f7ib9z4OiLxp06ficbds7Q3Gom4Q2K1AGj11gQY7kqd4LcScpR1FoOBCHBdYBMGkKAmFvDQe4cDuyWoitRNh4ZH4FTZWLM8AfHtO3dFVF0QGhEOweHPPv8iMHYaNOEAEP3zpUsRjD70XgPxAHkAYyjOMn9Jb2i8fQcOVt4zAlHKWA00gmMC/2XTwtGRgMpY0PH5rtmtjjEy3+WvOxaavD8mIkGweQthqda3GC6KL1iG/qdrTgSiGkjp/dXuPXuj8YsZgJK8OL8nQJXXrjdUv2hzV3dPRPGnPj8jyiA0Tz07LV5WBr0wTu+WpAeDAhhJaEApNCZBrkRCizZfbG66uu3VHQEVgXhIc9FLBpOBGE6vvuArHFdvX38rHWSuBgy1QJPoWfXioujMEbzy0UsTWqQRQzDoFcVAaFNCARtHkD2zNKVJov7gOWAfGgxkBXOV0NBqSPk6JAQKBSpEk0M5lHT6zNlqYe+ywHhBLwhM0vppZoNI6b2X9/VH3eU9c+5cNH4dmxhZSZqDewDPZtuAlIfw0HlMePx3wUN1Bf+58NFHgdAWVETLVvUFP5lYYDQ6YTxQBkqhUT+a0zPSqspDhObxJ5+OtgitQFD/UjRqockKfdacx0D9Qp8iDRpKFmkYmM2G1VNt2Ly1EoFlO4u86zHm9CxowRq8JMKgFyRwCPPkAynRYyPMTJPEf0IzbcbMll0biZpfNA2h02j1bBoT0gMzbZBxB3jHhi1bowE5p8HCWSXM3n+gU3AgQkgbIibfjtffCC1hSgI7nBB49pJCaJpoW88ESQ4HBg6iB6YdwGJA5/GAAGVAUTlXr1yNRqvBmIfjeW9cvx55U2iAL1NoaBqaSzlp/mZ9ND69++qXBgL9ANKPHyAp+AWgCVmtsRNQhPf4DqvXiQjN0hU34UOEZXnfmjDlfv/M1OAn2JLGDZw5fVZXayworQi+znR2d09oEEMBvEFQ2niKH855RoK0sQnEJDSLeldEZB8sCYj1L0U/WGjYwes3bg6smnEGotKXrlpd7Xx9d9jU1280ouB6SkA8AqORbtm2rdq+a1cAO1NrACJqpGWjo7aBB+Gq9JwINL1v3fqwb/W8xlFP/Ocz0dvp5XNQKC3NAY9FC2iUsHIIFP3d5r6Z6kxTvNizMEwQ173A6TNnt/BfTKY5PYsCAsL8JMhI43z38OH4Zeq4N3PT3Bfm0mu7d4eW0ygSAElo5Ds6PFzd9/C4eF5l6SxWrxsI4YU2LoVGD75xcDA0Ja0AhOkck2rB0t4A0PYsXlpZLByvaT94si68a0JgosJNcwv4tXvB4hASGoHAoSPHhqM3Z/LCq9FCScZn7XCcvEYzwRsmEQT4tq+ufBXYNJ2OzgH2T71mze1uwX2YdpDeK/rXxvwnz0UwjGV1tqyXTz9tTIo0F8b4yjXCgoyPWBCeXWeV49asy938/cFCowdjRsCT5ThHTwsbZLDcaTzjATDQvAqASnnT+4SpekFClYNSMzX37jsQJl8CGE0uM3jX2E1dYC5oGAaJx0+cjPKTUe6ljtLz/KVH5oMPz4dtLZ3elElJeNND58VxFFxtevfUkRZQHhteXRFBpklh8dIsdZ5Gdc+sD5g/zYrwTT4CDXCZZhEe0obyXLz4yS3CLx9h8Mw+eIQIqUHzvgMHokz1ZiLqeByf/eDD76Ce5WMaZX3U27MhWpsgygsjVr7DGLsW3s7I0Pz68/9eao0RnVK29OrneZAxh2Nlc4bk+AcfDh85Gvwy3kFZdzzUFjiPEGFSX+OyS583NAqzO+tcvuPIcJe/frDQeDDuxGyIWT+qXG/r+kjkmjRpckmHwc77OEaONdgyrWv++2jESB38b69L41qjPlmmczRJ5s17GFeURCu6hvyW6dM9q5y8Vj6Lc1Gfpknpf97fWCfzlRg699HglSN9J3K9/RnVpeTFLfcyz6jgpWs+zmV91CGfreSLc3leXRyPVC/XsmFLq+zMm/fJ+7Zf9x/vveeyfPk9V+aXDrXzSLr2ezWT3vWfHyw0d71Gf+UC9WJ73n47en8xDsQc+fjjRq9vxqAXyGzisqZhEE2WvSnzUhlevg6F2ZJjCmMoA38aNjWzMqGqmZ/tjUPZJuCx32muJN4rYwj1Qhob7aMMjQwRvNSwriNobuM2JlhNo+NALTRtfNs8NBQzEs3RYdYgswwNtDVy80Y0wA/Pn6/+/eFxYTbq9Xm1jGHQy6/siPk48pvP8cD4X7c8fa/t3hPziDhHOAb0jsZZXLPGA6aHl0TwmCJiRjnmIMQ9S5eF0HCzKoNQilMY6+SsUWYNm59rnYAhLmZu/hzcl/eqj2+PA7XQtPHJYHLxilXRu6epJUBoQGvc8fRzjUlnbH3TkrlzCYBYjUE/IgCESKM1ziIU6enjHOGeFwchfBq8criZNfau5gzVslrSGbMQXsTtvWv3myF03PaEVjnc7ZwbNBvi5aPFaMD0QtFkzLLSBIrE9ddtc6AWmjZWEQy9d9ef5ocny2Vz1k2b5RBIoSEoG7cOhgfM1GReRF4eRGjEmwjUhq2DoT24T5F03LniQoTBckoCqKvWvBTCldHwSNz8Mvjnis+AIq1B+2j4NEmOb86cORcu5jQr3YewMe+sVJNLN5Vl18d3zoFaaNp4JpIP0qK3zjiLWAD3NljLs8/PiJ5aAyYs4lOCcWZ1ZrRf0NSaBaA14iQ0jkaOCA1tw4tEO/hw/W5/dWdonHbXMM1A+EzlNTuS9nvn8OFqyfIV4bbtW/tSjIPEyyxAQjhTaAi1sZAgYGrBtset/46CA7XQtDGNBhF3MgffNGSkEYoLCGIePd44x13OHW0cIbakRycQyHRnggI7R6Nw5WZsQ6M2R91yUhm1hgowyHe/7Tt2RRn55d7zehaGSUfb0So0lHJF5lPI1NsaccY0OcWYu1cg18o3CY/Jcuvf0XOgFpo23rH3Dfh90pPFDBJHYLrlORpCr68Ri5c4Tq+Vcz7yGOxz4WY+rl0xHteUgZh9jqXJGFFWy3nmmfq4lmMR4xfayn2QevP8gSvlWEzafJa8V5Zb/46eA7XQjJ53dc4xyoFaaMboi68fe/QcqIVm9Lyrc45RDtRCM0ZffP3Yo+dALTSj512dc4xyoBaaMfri68cePQdqoRk97+qcY5QDtdCM4sXndhdl1k5xEPGZpHaQf5m+PBZb8T9/W/mb0woyTuN8mS/Tlb/Sluld63QuyxphJkJZZH1cVdWYFhrRdttKmAWqAZp2bfZnTjqDUn4oNnJqII81OLAUG1LBowlGCiQu6+uvHn3iyVhJRZBRWUuWr4ypwnY9E+C0LBMsmCi97SPMUEQWMbeq/ZJlK6I8cBu7JDz8m0mxu5sp0BDW9tORbqiJgp6zYFE1ftLjlWnEJmO10/CJk7HLgbJMGUD2Anrk0ceirhY/8TzqDwFhn5r/njmrNSmsvbz6/00OjGmhMf343gd/Vf30nvtiFwFbZPz4X+9tYbdAXX5yz32t3dMImfQWnTDDU3Tf/JifP/hILDsEpeyca+MnTQ7UsvnwW4a2hyARGohnU6LNc7GSyi/GTYjy7MRlYpV7DGwZrH45bkJr5qotLmwnSDgsLKKxP/r7J2NrCtORrfpSEqE1hcF0anu02PWNgJsSPG7Sb2MLigcm/DpQ0SA+7mWBFNCfnA1allcf38qBMS00tkeEMLYQA7SwvWZsjJRzTeyBA7v14MRHA8oCsgK6/9CE3wTuy0xD0BV78NgQyp47Guya9Rsre7M4thBF7lUD5Pn3P/3n2CowtZR9IZVnfrzyCQThoCHkRwCbdmazp6UpxciaB+bgQy/nDnNxobnHDcG0HYkFOGhLAmkNBzueWU3HTmYE3IQ40xhg2GitnMKQZdW/3+XAmBYaaGaLTjCvbKnHZLHpk94eZuuX/zExzJa//ccfxxwWDdrSQzZ2uv+RCa0tC81p377ztepH//JvYQrZ6s4ucMjGu+baoNAQT0yJKQX+ExwLTFgD7f7xE2JRQefNgWGKSY8AM60oY8GQBtbs2xCaex/4VQhhTjqLxM1ZnIQKANRihPePmxD5oK//6Wf3Vj/62T2tXeSgs93LugD2zaRFa/p+DoxpobFIx8y58wJ2/zd/9w+BMNaAACqZKtYVM+awbeCiZcujt572wszK1oTjH5scq30Srtnd86spU6eFtrFjM01lDGKFF/uOmimJCMHTz02PRUf8dx87SCuP2ZTTpQ8fPR5CkUKzas262EqQprEuG1JPGmj6jK5AWUtrclrO0OxfvyG0iSWYuhctjntbL8yGuITnsSlPhRYy45Omo5l+/tAjMdkublB/jciBMS00BvzWOoM4NgDX2PXOzCJQfavLOKaRQP+RvSytZmm3sGzUynDO6jLO0Q9mdhrAW8wu08kPtp8rz0R5H56PvKeKdK7n/aQxj4YDYsfru6vcdpDWsSubMY6BvntYkSVX64G4fnv/wVgTINHXzFHlMtVix+zPv4h8phUw01yjZWv6fg6MaaHBmmzQnX7Lc+UxQcr/WcbtnMu05StRTnve9nSZpkznXH5ykfL8n+VzjcuTVF7PPHmvsuxMX/925sCYF5rObKnP1hwYmQO10IzMm/pKzYGOHKiFpiNb6pM1B0bmQC00I/OmvlJzoCMHaqHpyJb6ZM2BkTlQC83IvKmv1BzoyIH/B5MZNE/V1Cp3AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" /><table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0in 6.75pt;" valign="top"></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;"></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 6.75pt 0in 0in;" valign="top"><table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0in 13.5pt 6.75pt;" valign="top"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 7.5pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: teal; font-family: georgia, serif;">What is it? </span></b><span style="color: #757575; font-family: georgia, serif;"><br />It's our primary fundraiser this year, and a chance to celebrate safely with family & friends, <b>entirely at your leisure!</b></span><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Helvetica;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;"></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 6.75pt 0in 0in;" valign="top"><table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0in 13.5pt 6.75pt;" valign="top"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 7.5pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: teal; font-family: georgia, serif;">When is it?</span></b><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Helvetica;"><br /></span><span style="color: #757575; font-family: georgia, serif;">The Stay-At-Home Oyster Fest is a month long excuse to eat oysters, grill-out and responsibly celebrate with family & friends. It begins today and runs through Labor Day</span><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Helvetica;"><br /></span><span style="color: #757575; font-family: georgia, serif;"> </span><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Helvetica;"><br /></span><b><span style="color: #757575; font-family: georgia, serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">But when & where you celebrate is entirely up to you!</span></b><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Helvetica;"><br /><br /></span><span style="color: #757575; font-family: georgia, serif;"> Starting next week, the team at MOP will be curating some awesome content to help you plan your own oyster fest, delivered right to your inbox.</span><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Helvetica;"><br /></span><span style="color: #757575; font-family: georgia, serif; font-size: 9pt;">(think shucking lessons, grilled oyster recipes, beer & wine pairing advice and more!)</span><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Helvetica;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in;"></p><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: white; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 6.75pt 0in 0in;" valign="top"><table align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 0in 13.5pt 6.75pt;" valign="top"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18pt; margin: 7.5pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: teal; font-family: georgia, serif; font-size: 13pt;">This sounds awesome. How do I sign-up?</span></b><span style="color: #757575; font-family: georgia, serif;"><br /><br /><i>It's easy!</i><br /><b>Step 1: </b></span><a href="https://massoyster.us14.list-manage.com/track/click?u=250ccbafe018f4efcbed44ff3&id=01126570ed&e=b85f81ab51" style="color: #954f72;" target="_blank"><span style="color: #007c89; font-family: georgia, serif;">Buy a limited edition t-shirt</span></a><span style="color: #757575; font-family: georgia, serif;"> (or shirts!)<br /><b>Step 2</b>: Plan your celebration with family & friends<br /><b>Step 3:</b> Celebrate safely, responsibly & take lots of photos<br /><br /><b>-</b><br />After Labor Day Weekend, we'll be crowning the winner of Best At-Home Oyster Fest so make sure you connect with us on social media and share your photos using our hashtag:<br /><b>#StayAtHomeOysterFest</b></span><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Helvetica;"><br /> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 7.5pt 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: #757575; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 20pt;">Donate to our cause at the link below!<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in; text-align: center;"><a href="https://secure.actblue.com/contribute/page/mop" style="color: #954f72;">https://secure.actblue.com/contribute/page/mop</a><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>Tesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03750763238426178297noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-78199453109124715372020-05-18T08:49:00.003-07:002020-05-18T08:49:31.115-07:00Contribute to the cause<table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="m_-9153539141362540075templateContainer" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: #222222; font-family: Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; max-width: 600px !important; width: 100%px;"><tbody>
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Hello Friends of MOP,</div>
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We wanted to wish everyone good health and well being during this trying time and to let you know what we are up to, our work continues!!</div>
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As you may know we are an all-volunteer organization so our commitment to our projects are ongoing! We are currently getting ready for our oyster upweller growing season in three locations, Hyannis, Gloucester and Marblehead, MA. We are also looking forward to partnering with a group on the island of Nantucket for an upweller program this summer.</div>
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It is a very difficult time for all non-profit groups right now especially those that are grassroots like ours. One of our biggest expenses is our upweller program, specifically the cost of the oyster seed that we provide to all of our upweller sites. Like many others some of our fundraising activities had to be canceled to keep our group and the public safe. Also, like many other grassroots organizations we run on a very tight budget.</div>
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<tr><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 9px; text-align: center;" valign="top"><img align="center" alt="Andrew Hutlin at Gloucester restoration site" class="m_-9153539141362540075mcnImage CToWUd a6T" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEjO2bxbz1MNhyphenhyphenH4annjpTfAem26HUQhrRod9hgJpUEKqc7jsGOtw_Qy14p6PvCbZjwgwu4X0k4Jqz2zDf9m5W2axVdXDH3Q6RXTcWmuei8BTdOMe4Wli8EL2ocClUCy_6sHcA-qI1CfQyXIMBsdtYcQ7uDYzi0Jp6UYjGQHA6lb3W_EqsZulKTqqlvuqszZgUL4w60E-cNbGg2B5n6Qnhyqidac=s0-d-e1-ft" style="border: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; height: auto; max-width: 800px; outline: none; padding-bottom: 0px; vertical-align: bottom;" tabindex="0" width="564" /></td></tr>
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<tr><td align="center" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 18px;" valign="middle"><a class="m_-9153539141362540075mcnButton" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://secure.actblue.com/contribute/page/mop&source=gmail&ust=1589898107445000&usg=AFQjCNFEk7jlBpG0k7AnF7BZxPVMJQy06w" href="https://secure.actblue.com/contribute/page/mop" style="color: white; display: block; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank" title="Every Little Bit Helps">Every Little Bit Helps</a></td></tr>
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We have been able to provide nearly 1/2 million oysters back to the waters of Massachusetts over the past 3 years. Oysters which help cleanse the water, provide a habitat for other marine life and also are a very good protein food source. We are hoping to put in another 250,000 – 300,000 this year.</div>
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If you believe in our mission, in how important oysters are to our ecosystems and to the habitats they provide please consider <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://secure.actblue.com/contribute/page/mop&source=gmail&ust=1589898107445000&usg=AFQjCNFEk7jlBpG0k7AnF7BZxPVMJQy06w" href="https://secure.actblue.com/contribute/page/mop" style="color: #007c89;" target="_blank">making a donation to our cause</a> today! Every dollar counts and this year more than ever we could use your help. Our upweller program costs roughly $10,000/ year. A <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://secure.actblue.com/contribute/page/mop&source=gmail&ust=1589898107445000&usg=AFQjCNFEk7jlBpG0k7AnF7BZxPVMJQy06w" href="https://secure.actblue.com/contribute/page/mop" style="color: #007c89;" target="_blank">small donation</a> can help us to continue our program and our mission of keeping oysters thriving in Massachusetts waterways.</div>
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We use the ActBlue and also Benevity platforms for donations and they support company match programs. So if your company is one of those who partners with ActBlue or Benevity please let them know you are making a donation, or better still if they are not, ask them to sign up.</div>
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From the Team at MOP – Stay well and enjoy the arrival of spring!!</div>
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Tesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03750763238426178297noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-37273563525777330082020-05-18T08:46:00.001-07:002020-05-18T08:47:38.262-07:00Gloucester Times ArticleFor those of you who may not have seen it. Here is a great piece on what we are up to at MOP. You can click on this link to see the article<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"> </span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.gloucestertimes.com/news/fishing_industry_news/oyster-restoration-project-to-resurface-at-mill-river/article_956341bb-0c84-5bd1-9e37-c3e7eb0148fe.html&source=gmail&ust=1589898102771000&usg=AFQjCNHoew9CByMK0CsbOvyQlPYcVx_3Ww" href="https://www.gloucestertimes.com/news/fishing_industry_news/oyster-restoration-project-to-resurface-at-mill-river/article_956341bb-0c84-5bd1-9e37-c3e7eb0148fe.html" style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;" target="_blank">https://www.<wbr></wbr>gloucestertimes.com/news/<wbr></wbr>fishing_industry_news/oyster-<wbr></wbr>restoration-project-to-<wbr></wbr>resurface-at-mill-river/<wbr></wbr>article_956341bb-0c84-5bd1-<wbr></wbr>9e37-c3e7eb0148fe.html</a><br />
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Massachusetts Oyster Project/Courtesy photo/Adult oysters grow in a reef in Gloucester's Mill River.</div>
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Massachusetts Oyster Project/Courtesy photo/Oyster apt or larvae seeded in Gloucester's Mill River by the Massachusetts Oyster Project have or are reaching adult size.</div>
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The novel coronavirus pandemic has sunk many people's plans for the summer, but one project is resurfacing at Mill River. </div>
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The Massachusetts Oyster Project will convene in Gloucester this summer to begin it efforts of putting 180,000 oysters in the Mill River over the next three years. </div>
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"We're hoping to continue to build on the success of this location, in the hopes of developing a viable oyster population and making a positive impact on the local environment," the Massachusetts Oyster Project wrote in its project proposal. </div>
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Since 2017, the project has seeded the Mill River with a total of 180,000 oyster spat, or larvae, from its upweller located at Maritime Gloucester. Continued monitoring has shown that over the past three years, the oysters put in the Mill River have done well — growing to the commercial harvest size of 3 inches. </div>
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"We were surprised how well our oysters did in the Mill River," Massachusetts Oyster Project President Sarah Valencik told a Times reporter on Thursday. "When we went back to check on them, they were doing quite well compared to some of the other oysters we released."</div>
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She explained that the most successful restoration sites, such as the Mill River, are often rocky and cobbled. </div>
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Because of the spats' successful growth in the Mill River, Valencik has applied for a scientific permit to study the Mill River site to evaluate and quantify how successful the oyster project's seeding efforts have been. </div>
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"We would like to identify mortalities, reproduction, changes in bottom community and improvements in water quality," Valencik wrote to the City Council on April 30. "We are also interested in identifying how many oysters are harvested at this location."</div>
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A part of its proposed research, Massachusetts Oyster Project will monitor reef areal dimensions, reef height, oyster density, and oyster size-frequency distribution. It will also monitor the water quality parameters, including temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. </div>
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While her application for a scientific permit has been referred to the city's Ordinance and Administration Committee for further review on its Monday night meeting, Valencik is prepared to get in the mud. </div>
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"We will continue seeding the Mill River whether we get the scientific permit or not," Valencik said, explaining that the Massachusetts Oyster Project has received permission from the city's shellfish warden and the state to continue putting oysters into Atlantic waters. </div>
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The community's involvement in this year's restoration project, however, will look a lot different due to the COVID-19 crisis. </div>
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In the past, school groups and tourists would often join Massachusetts Oyster Project personell in the oyster restoration process.</div>
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"It was a very hands-on learning experience," Valencik said. </div>
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"This year we are not going to be able to do that," she added, explaining that people will be asked to maintain a distance from the process. </div>
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Massachusetts Oyster Project will be posting a large amount of educational content and videos to <a href="http://massoyster.org/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1955a5;">http://massoyster.org/</a> for the general public as its upweller season begins in June. </div>
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"We are happy that we are not only providing oysters for restoration, but we are also providing oysters down the road for harvest," Valencik said. "We think it is great that people are still able to have that resource."</div>
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Staff writer Taylor Ann Bradford can be reached at 978-675-2705 or <a href="mailto:tbradford@gloucestertimes.com" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1955a5;">tbradford@gloucestertimes.com</a>.</div>
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COMMITTEE MEETING</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">What</strong>: The City Council's Ordinance and Administration Committee meets to consider a request from the MAssachusetts Oyster Project to study oysters seeded in the Mill River, among other things.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">When</strong>: Monday, May 18, from 6 to 7:30 p.m.</div>
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<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">How</strong>: Via Zoom at on smart device or computer at <a href="https://bit.ly/2Z6nhXl" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1955a5;">https://bit.ly/2Z6nhXl</a> or by phone at 1-312-626-6799 or 1-346-248-7799. Meeting ID is 829 0230 3277.</div>
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Tesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03750763238426178297noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-61009780950892754722020-03-20T12:18:00.000-07:002020-03-20T12:18:58.139-07:00<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hello Friends,</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I'd like to share a few articles with you that have come our way. Some are from our Team and some come to others. If you come across an interesting article you'd like to share let us know.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">During this very hectic, worry some and stressful time we wish you all good health and happy moments. Look for the silver linings - like how the air in our atmosphere over certain countries is clearer and the waterways in Venice cleaner - it does pay to slow down a bit!!!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Be safe and be well!!!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The team at The Mass Oyster Project</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/ct-nw-china-coronavirus-clear-skies-pictures-20200304-lff4gx2wlbb5bj7lp4fjbroo4q-story.html">https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/ct-nw-china-coronavirus-clear-skies-pictures-20200304-lff4gx2wlbb5bj7lp4fjbroo4q-story.html</a><br />
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<a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/news/coronavirus-nature-environment-swans-venice-clear-skies-china/">https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/news/coronavirus-nature-environment-swans-venice-clear-skies-china/</a><br />
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<a href="https://www.westernmassnews.com/news/waters-off-mass-coast-home-to-oyster-farm-of-the/article_0e3cbdde-0fcd-11ea-949e-d777219788d6.html" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-size-adjust: auto;">https://www.westernmassnews.com/news/waters-off-mass-coast-home-to-oyster-farm-of-the/article_0e3cbdde-0fcd-11ea-949e-d777219788d6.html</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://news.northeastern.edu/2018/08/08/northeastern-nature-conservancy-team-up-to-tackle-climate-change-save-coastal-cities/" style="color: purple; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14.6667px; text-size-adjust: auto;">https://news.northeastern.edu/2018/08/08/northeastern-nature-conservancy-team-up-to-tackle-</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://news.northeastern.edu/2018/08/08/northeastern-nature-conservancy-team-up-to-tackle-climate-change-save-coastal-cities/" style="color: purple; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14.6667px; text-size-adjust: auto;">climate-change-save-coastal-cities/</a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/rebuilt-wetlands-can-protect-shorelines-better-than-walls/" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; text-size-adjust: auto;" target="_blank">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/rebuilt-wetlands-can-protect-shorelines-better-than-walls/</a>Tesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03750763238426178297noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-59526028483504433982020-03-09T09:03:00.004-07:002020-03-09T09:03:51.886-07:00<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">I'd like to give a shout out and thank you to the Cape Cod Squadron for a wonderful and informative luncheon on Thursday Feb 27 at the Lanyard Bar and Grill in Harwich Port. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">It was a pleasure meeting Alex Bizunok, Commander, Valentina Bizunok, Secretary and the rest of the members. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">A presentation was given by Andrew Jay and Theresa Baybutt of our Mass Oyster Project team on who we are and what we do. A lively conversation took place with lots of great questions.</span><br />
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The Cape Cod Sail and Power Squadron is a recreational boating club on Cape Cod. They are part of the United States Power Squadrons. Their 150+ members are sailors, power boaters and paddlers who enjoy being on the legendary waters surrounding Cape Cod. Founded in 1941, the Squadron has been a part of the Cape’s nautical tradition for over seven decades. They provide boating courses and seminars and vessel checks. See their link below.</h5>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Thank you again for having us speak to your group and enlarge our network!</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjnNMFmjpsN6uX0oY8pD1tHLjVwoEdG6aFolA2d-MkU1NSXUkvtJtQCf01_3hTwNUJ29MUdw2h7tu3ILCsec-JaZbKI1M-UozmHASgn5dci-7Pt9E09dGqw3NkCQZTfxL59SvDbQeyVxY/s1600/USPSlogo-150x150.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjnNMFmjpsN6uX0oY8pD1tHLjVwoEdG6aFolA2d-MkU1NSXUkvtJtQCf01_3hTwNUJ29MUdw2h7tu3ILCsec-JaZbKI1M-UozmHASgn5dci-7Pt9E09dGqw3NkCQZTfxL59SvDbQeyVxY/s400/USPSlogo-150x150.png" /></a><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrJDkqOrap2gH6goLYWBKm35TDm_GEPWKSo7LicLg1berZmEsRaCN-8DOaB-CkIdlDQOuDD6wxSRmrGRTPDU3WUlleQcuODtOO57t3HEhj8cnRAlMfNvq2-HcmFCov2ouY4DUiSP7jFAA/s1600/capecod.gif" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrJDkqOrap2gH6goLYWBKm35TDm_GEPWKSo7LicLg1berZmEsRaCN-8DOaB-CkIdlDQOuDD6wxSRmrGRTPDU3WUlleQcuODtOO57t3HEhj8cnRAlMfNvq2-HcmFCov2ouY4DUiSP7jFAA/s320/capecod.gif" width="320" /></a></span><br />
<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;">Cape Cod Sail and Power Squadron</b><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.usps.org/localusps/capecod">www.usps.org/localusps/capecod</a></span><br />
<a href="https://americasboatingclubcapecod.org/">https://americasboatingclubcapecod.org/</a>Tesshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03750763238426178297noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-1188946556846879592018-04-20T11:14:00.002-07:002018-04-20T11:14:17.476-07:00Join us as We Introduce Heal the Harbors Pilsner at the Barking Crab on May 3<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLdy3WuBdfWByRtwvV2nzYTCqQl60x1X4u9bOzVMd6wL_000-033jUFO02liKa1Y1VmyksWqjK7WPatPExxdIOEFTXgxE-wioCwA0_PI3TIkbr2gUsgJmZJ7SqyuqkrKPQo1xVBUP3KnZu/s1600/30742749_10155250505898204_7290775082129183752_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="960" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLdy3WuBdfWByRtwvV2nzYTCqQl60x1X4u9bOzVMd6wL_000-033jUFO02liKa1Y1VmyksWqjK7WPatPExxdIOEFTXgxE-wioCwA0_PI3TIkbr2gUsgJmZJ7SqyuqkrKPQo1xVBUP3KnZu/s640/30742749_10155250505898204_7290775082129183752_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Join us as we enjoy Heal the Harbors Pilsner from Blue Point Brewing Company.</span></div>
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<span class="s1" style="padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We love oysters and beer. Join us at The Barking Crab on Thursday, May 3rd for fresh oysters, live music, and the chance to help restore the native oyster population and heal our harbors. For every pint you toss back of Blue Point's exclusively brewed Heal the Harbors pilsner, 23 oyster shells are recycled into Massachusetts waters. Sounds like a win-win to us. </span></span></div>
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<span class="s1" style="padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Reserve your tickets at this <a href="https://www.eventbrite.com/e/heal-the-harbors-tickets-45319900041">EventBrite Link</a></span></span></div>
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<span class="s1" style="padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">All proceeds go to the Massachusetts Oyster Project, learn more at: <a href="http://massoyster.org/" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; color: #007f8c; padding-top: 0px;" target="_blank"><span class="s2" style="padding-top: 0px;">http://massoyster.org</span></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This event is open to the public but donations are recommended:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">$10 donations will be rewarded with 2 tokens</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">$20 donations with 5 tokens</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">$30 donations with 8 tokens</span></div>
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<span class="s1" style="padding-top: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">You can redeem each token for one pint of our delicious beer or 5 fresh local oysters, your choice.</span></span></div>
AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-74090142467814511842018-04-02T06:50:00.002-07:002018-04-03T10:49:10.249-07:00Ten Year Update on Oysters in Boston Harbor - Success!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ten years ago a small group of people decided that they could help improve Massachusetts estuaries, starting with the small goal of restoring oysters back in Boston Harbor where they had not been present for at least 50 years. This was the beginnings of the Mass Oyster Project.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We did not know then how it would work out. But, with help from the Division of Marine Fisheries and City Government we placed 140,000 seed oysters purchased from Island Creek at the mouth of the Charles River with great fanfare. Our volunteer divers revisited the site in the spring. The oysters survived the winter, but we saw extensive predation over the ensuing year as crabs found them delicious. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Over the subsequent two years, we were permitted to place more oysters, which we did; trying them in various containers, water depths, bottom substrates, etc. Initially, we were pleased just to see them survive as it became possible to drop in and visit them from year to year. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Then, it was exciting to see signs of reproduction- that is small oysters that were firmly attached to rocks and other objects on the bottom. Oysters don't move. They only bind themselves to something as infants. So seeing small ones attached to native rocks meant that there was reproduction. After three years we were finally beginning to see results! </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">After about 5 years, we were visiting a site a good distance from our initial oyster placements with a film-maker to see what we could find. We were amazed to see quite a few oysters some 1-2 years old. Each subsequent year, it seems that the number of oysters has grown. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Recently, we visited a site and instead of looking for individual oysters, we began looking for clusters. Since free floating baby oysters prefer to set on oyster shell for their lifetime homes we were delighted to see a number of clusters. These are the beginnings of oyster reefs. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Interestingly, most of the oysters we see are on the small side. Perhaps this will change over time. There still is a huge untapped opportunity to renew and expand this effort. But, for now, it appears that the small initial program has generated long-term results and an expanding population. It will be interesting to see over the coming years, if this trend continues and if we see a measurable impact on water quality. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There are many people who made this possible including Mike Hickey of the DMF who was instrumental in granting our initial permit, Marianne Connolly of the MWRA who guided us through the City's Conservation Commission, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Jim Hunt from the City of Boston,</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> as well as t</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">he hundreds of volunteers and supporters who moved the project along. </span></div>
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AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-92135709375370203062018-03-28T08:18:00.000-07:002018-03-28T08:18:19.450-07:00Revitalizing Ecosystems in Greater Boston to Survive Climate Change Mass Oyster to Participate in Afternoon Panels<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The <a href="https://www.sierraclub.org/massachusetts/gbg">Massachusetts Branch of the Sierra Club</a> will be hosting an event on Revitalizing Ecosystems in Greater Boston to Survive Climate Change </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">on Saturday March 31. And MOP will be participating in the afternoon panels talking about our ten years of experience and knowledge about oysters in Boston Harbor. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Oysters have been proven to reduce wave action and help stabilize coastlines. Many states including Texas, Florida, New York and New Jersey are moving oyster based initiatives forward for this important purpose. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Here is a bit about the event.</span><br />
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<strong>Saturday, March 31</strong>, 9 am – 4 pm<br />Harvard University* Geological Lecture Hall, 24 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA</div>
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<li class="normal" style="font-size: medium;">Local ecosystems can help us to weather the coming climate shocks.</li>
<li class="normal" style="font-size: medium;">Learn about current efforts and new possibilities to protect and strengthen our local ecosystems.</li>
<li class="normal" style="font-size: medium;">Afternoon workshops on practical ways you can help revitalize ecosystems in our yards, streets, neighborhoods, parks, wetlands and waters.</li>
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Featured speaker:</div>
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<strong>Tom Wessels</strong>, author of <em>The Myth of Progress: Toward a Sustainable Future</em>, on</div>
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<em><strong class="large" style="font-size: large;">Self-organization, Co-evolution, Resiliency, and Stability</strong></em></div>
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Self-organization is a natural process—that, as a system grows it also becomes more complex. The talk will focus on how this process works in ecosystems via co-evolution to generate the incredible biodiversity we see in nature. Many examples of regional co-evolved relationships will be used to illustrate how co-evolution works. The talk then shows how this process is a wonderful model for creating sustainable human systems.</div>
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You can <a href="https://www.eventbrite.com/e/revitalizing-ecosystems-in-greater-boston-to-survive-climate-change-tickets-42952016638">register here</a>.</div>
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<br />AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-12241149223684015272018-03-27T10:50:00.000-07:002018-03-27T10:50:22.753-07:00Seasonal Jobs in Nantucket Oyster Shell Recycling Shell and Working in the Hatchery<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There are two exciting opportunities to spend the season on beautiful Nantucket Island. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Here is the description of one. </span><br />
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<br style="background-color: #fefcf7; box-sizing: content-box; color: #413322; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.8px;" /><br style="background-color: #fefcf7; box-sizing: content-box; color: #413322; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.8px;" /><span style="background-color: #fefcf7; color: #413322; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.8px;">The Town of Nantucket Natural Resources Department is seeking a highly motivated summer technician to join our team in the shellfish hatchery. Responsibilities include performing daily detailed tasks involving the culture of marine algae and maintaining shellfish broodstock systems.</span><span style="background-color: #fefcf7; border: 0px; box-sizing: content-box; color: #413322; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.8px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: #fefcf7; color: #413322; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.8px;">The technician will be trained on all aspects of algae culture techniques and broodstock care of various species of shellfish that are essential to our production program.</span><br />
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The ideal candidate will be a highly motivated and efficient individual with either an interest or previous experience in shellfish hatchery operations.<span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: content-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span>Consistency, attention to detail, the ability to multitask and to follow sterile procedures are essential. Work is primarily conducted inside in a wet environment and involves standing for long periods of time on epoxy floors. This is a full time (up to 40 hours per week) position including alternating weekend shifts. The ability to lift or carry 30 lbs. or more may be required. Exceptional oral communication skills are essential.</div>
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<strong style="border: 0px; box-sizing: content-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Hourly rate $16.50-$19.50 based up experience. Application Deadline April 13, 2018 at 4:00pm.</strong></div>
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Send cover letter, resume and completed Town of Nantucket employment application to Human Resources, 16 Broad St., Nantucket, MA 02554 or email the application to <a href="mailto:HR@nantucket-ma.gov" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: content-box; color: #bd9b41; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">HR@nantucket-ma.gov</a>. Applications and complete job description available online at <a href="http://www.nantucket-ma.gov/" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: content-box; color: #bd9b41; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">www.nantucket-ma.gov</a>. <span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: content-box; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span>AA/EOE.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">You can find out more details on both jobs and how to apply by going <a href="http://www.nantucket-ma.gov/Jobs.aspx?UniqueId=105&From=All&CommunityJobs=False&JobID=2018-Seasonal-Algae-Culture-and-Broodsto-184">here.</a></span>AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-82325445941238210232018-02-14T08:47:00.000-08:002018-02-14T08:47:04.644-08:00Why every coastal town should encourage oyster placement in its waters!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6y8rSvn-4p954dBufKqH47EUVA4sRVn1jNQFcrmXX3azPDu9r9DOy2a5gcKUji5m1yQTCaZ0q78vMknkeNxYhSELsnjb6PTeP5vug4D_j20uWzyhoJxIAz4sMzQWBuDVgaP7ccfZPSjpi/s1600/dt.common.streams.StreamServer.cls.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="750" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6y8rSvn-4p954dBufKqH47EUVA4sRVn1jNQFcrmXX3azPDu9r9DOy2a5gcKUji5m1yQTCaZ0q78vMknkeNxYhSELsnjb6PTeP5vug4D_j20uWzyhoJxIAz4sMzQWBuDVgaP7ccfZPSjpi/s320/dt.common.streams.StreamServer.cls.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This poster lays out the case for oysters in coastal estuaries beautifully. Fortunes are paid to remove it from sewage discharges, but oysters remove this harmful material for free. (We apologize to the authors for not linking to it on-line anywhere or if our reproduction is less esthetically pleasing. We did our best.)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Here are some interesting excerpts: </span><br />
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<li><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Oyster aquaculture is an effective nitrogen removal method that could/should be used in combination with traditional measures in comprehensive nutrient management program.</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The U.S. is running a $16 billion trade deficit in seafood. (This is our national wealth draining away.)</span></b></li>
<li><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Since 2010 oyster aquaculture in the Chesapeake Bay has grown ten-fold.</span></b></li>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A number of coastal towns face challenges with nitrogen levels in coastal waters. It is a particularly common problem on the Cape. It is only a matter of time before the MWRA and Boston begin looking at the Nitrogen water quality challenge. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">You can click on the image to blow it up.</span><br />
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<br />AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-89114785666890213772018-02-09T07:02:00.004-08:002018-02-09T07:02:40.725-08:00Summer Internships in Oyster Hatchery- Learn a Trade, Travel, See the Maryland Shore<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">1 WEEK LEFT BEFORE DEADLINE!<br /></span><br />
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<span style="color: #333333;">The oyster culture program at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Horn Point Laboratory is now accepting applications for summer internships. There are two internship opportunities available to apply for, the Oyster Hatchery Internship and the Aquaculture Internship.</span></div>
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Oyster hatchery interns are expected to become part of the hatchery team and learn all aspects of oyster culture. This includes, but is not limited to, broodstock management, spawning, larval culture, algal culture, settlement, outplanting, deployment, sampling procedures, data collection, farm management, and facility maintenance. While employed with the oyster hatchery, interns will also be gaining experience on a working oyster farm.</div>
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<br />The Aquaculture Internship was founded in 2015 with the goal of preparing individuals for future employment on a working oyster farm. To this end, aquaculture interns will learn to set larvae, both on shell for bottom harvest, and on microcultch, to produce individual oysters for containerized water column production.</div>
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These are flexible summer internships but interns should start by the end of June 2018 and end no later than mid October 2018. Candidates should be able to work for a minimum of 10 weeks. Applicants must be able to lift at least 50 pounds and be committed to working in a wet, muddy, and humid environment.</div>
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Applicants also must be 18 years of age or older by the time of their start date. Stipend is $400 per week. Limited dormitory space may be available. Commuters must have reliable transportation. Long hours and weekend work are expected.</div>
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If you have questions about either opportunity please contact Julie Trommatter at <a href="mailto:jbaynard@umces.edu" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">jbaynard@umces.edu</a> or Stephanie Alexander at <a href="mailto:tobash@umces.edu" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">tobash@umces.edu</a> or <a href="tel:(410)%20221-8310" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank" value="+14102218310">(410)22<wbr></wbr>1-8310</a>.</div>
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The deadline to submit all application materials is <span class="aBn" data-term="goog_92201896" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); position: relative; top: -2px; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><span class="aQJ" style="position: relative; top: 2px; z-index: -1;">February 15, 2018</span></span> by <span class="aBn" data-term="goog_92201897" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); position: relative; top: -2px; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><span class="aQJ" style="position: relative; top: 2px; z-index: -1;">11:59:59 PM.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #333333;">For more information on the internships and how to apply, visit our website.</span><br /><span style="color: #333333;"><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://hatchery.hpl.umces.edu/aquaculture-internship-opportunities/&source=gmail&ust=1518272296654000&usg=AFQjCNEL9u370EwRVFJ1Rcobd1o8ka-uog" href="http://hatchery.hpl.umces.edu/aquaculture-internship-opportunities/" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://hatchery.hpl.umces.edu/<wbr></wbr>aquaculture-internship-<wbr></wbr>opportunities/</a></span></div>
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AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-21991056552786474252018-02-02T09:06:00.000-08:002018-02-02T09:08:05.416-08:00Summer in the Hamptons! Job Opportunity Oyster Educator Position Long Island- lead the growing oyster gardening program<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; text-align: center;">
Seeking Oyster Gardening Educator<u></u><u></u></div>
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Part-time position available with East Hampton Shellfish Hatchery<u></u><u></u></div>
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East Hampton Shellfish Hatchery’s EHSEED (East Hampton Shellfish Enhancement and Education Directive) is seeking assistance with its oyster gardening program. The program started in 2016 as a pilot project with 15 gardeners. In 2017 it expanded to 40 gardeners at two sites and in 2018 it hopes to establish gardens at three sites with as many as 60 gardeners in total. The program, which is modelled after Cornell Cooperative Extension’s SPAT (Suffolk Projects in Aquaculture Training) program includes presentations/workshops beginning in February and culminates with oyster garden maintenance sessions through summer to a final overwintering session in October (see schedule & information attached). <u></u><u></u></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hampton Life- Drop in on one of your neighbors after work.</td></tr>
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Ideally the candidate would assist with both presentations and oyster garden maintenance sessions so must feel comfortable in a leadership role and have the knowledge and communication skills required to relay information. The candidate must be well versed in shellfish biology and aquaculture as they will be assisting the public in learning about and growing their own oysters. The candidate must have small boat launching, handling and trailering (boat and enclosed trailer) skills given that the garden sites are located in three separate bodies of water and will require transport of maintenance gear between sites on scheduled maintenance days. As mentioned above, please see the attached schedule to ensure that, at the very least, <span class="aBn" data-term="goog_1733996836" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); position: relative; top: -2px; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><span class="aQJ" style="position: relative; top: 2px; z-index: -1;">Saturday</span></span> maintenance sessions could be covered. Any assistance with other presentations would be greatly appreciated.<u></u><u></u></div>
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This position may also be supplemented with additional hours assisting in hatchery/nursery/field operations if the candidate so desires.<u></u><u></u></div>
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Hourly wage will be commensurate with experience. <u></u><u></u></div>
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Please provide résumé and references if interested.<u></u><u></u></div>
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Thanks,<u></u><u></u></div>
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"Barley" John Dunne, Director<u></u><u></u></div>
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East Hampton Town Shellfish Hatchery<u></u><u></u></div>
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<a href="mailto:jdunne@ehamptonny.gov" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">jdunne@ehamptonny.gov</span></a><u></u><u></u></div>
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<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://ehamptonny.gov/149/Aquaculture&source=gmail&ust=1517666916761000&usg=AFQjCNE71Hfzp9w8BHD_sPCG3amXxg4XAA" href="http://ehamptonny.gov/149/Aquaculture" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">http://ehamptonny.gov/149/<wbr></wbr>Aquaculture</span></a><u></u><u></u></div>
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Phone: <a href="tel:(631)%20668-4601" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank" value="+16316684601">631-668-4601</a> ext.: 7901 <wbr></wbr> <wbr></wbr> <wbr></wbr> <u></u><u></u></div>
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Cell phone: <a href="tel:(631)%20816-3082" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank" value="+16318163082">631-816-3082</a> <wbr></wbr> <wbr></wbr> <wbr></wbr> <u></u><u></u></div>
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159 Pantigo Rd.<u></u><u></u></div>
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East Hampton, NY 11937<u></u><u></u></div>
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21A Fort Pond Rd.<u></u><u></u></div>
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Montauk, NY 11954<u></u><u></u></div>
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42 Gann Rd. (on Three Mile Harbor)<u></u><u></u></div>
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East Hampton, NY 11937<u></u><u></u></div>
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<u>FIELD GROWOUT</u><u></u><u></u></div>
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Napeague Harbor<u></u><u></u></div>
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Amagansett, NY</div>
AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-44674470591900791862018-02-01T14:00:00.000-08:002018-02-01T14:00:42.167-08:00Exciting Hatchery Jobs on Cape Cod <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">
<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Farm Manager<u></u><u></u></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Job Description</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Aquacultural Research Corporation is seeking a fulltime Farm Manager. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">This position requires the management of several of our existing farms. The ideal candidate should have 3-5 years of experience in the aquaculture industry with farm management knowledge. A flexible attendance schedule is required based on the tides. Additional responsibilities include but not limit to:<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Duties and Responsibilities</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<u></u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Planting and forecasting seed needs, preparing the ground and spreading and monitoring survival of seed.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<u></u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Farming the crop - predator control, transplanting, and thinning, harvesting.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<u></u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Records keeping of farm data from seeding to harvest and Maintenance.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<u></u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Coordinate with other managers to ensure crews work efficiently to maximize harvest.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<u></u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Responsibilities include the maintenance and repair of assigned farm equipment.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<u></u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Strong communication with crews and Managers.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Personal Qualities and Skills</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></b></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; margin-bottom: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Reliable and Dependable<u></u><u></u></span></li>
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.5467px; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.96px;">Leadership Skills</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.96px;"><u></u><u></u></span></li>
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.5467px; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.96px;">Time Management <wbr></wbr> <u></u><u></u></span></li>
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.5467px; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.96px;">Problem Solving<u></u><u></u></span></li>
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.5467px; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.96px;">Attention to Detail <wbr></wbr> <u></u><u></u></span></li>
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.5467px; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.96px;">Works Well Under Pressure<u></u><u></u></span></li>
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.5467px; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.96px;">Organizational Skills<u></u><u></u></span></li>
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.5467px; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.96px;">Excellent Verbal and Written Communication Skills<u></u><u></u></span></li>
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Motivated, Self-Starter<u></u><u></u></span></li>
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Proficient in Microsoft Office Word, Excel & Outlook<u></u><u></u></span></li>
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Experience Driving forklift, Shellfish Farming, Boat operating preferred<u></u><u></u></span></li>
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Ability to work outdoors in ALL weather conditions<u></u><u></u></span></li>
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Flexible 30 - 50 hours work week based on the tides, including full or partial weekends<u></u><u></u></span></li>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Education<u></u><u></u></span></b></div>
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<u></u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">College Degree preferred<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<u></u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3+ years of aquaculture or farming experience preferred<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Physical Demands</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<u></u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Must be able to sit, stand and/or walk on uneven terrain up to 8 hours a day.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<u></u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Must be able to stoop, bend, kneel, twist, and squat.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<u></u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Must be able to lift a minimum of 50 lbs. up to 100lbs.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<u></u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Must be able to speak and hear well enough to communicate with co-workers.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<u></u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Must have agility and balance to safely climb on machines, boats, etc.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<u></u><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><u></u><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Must be able to drive to multiple locations.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Compensation<u></u><u></u></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Commensurate with experience. Full-time benefits health insurance, 401K, paid vacation & sick time.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Email Resume to <a href="mailto:info@archathery.com" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">info@archathery.com</a></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Wholesale Manager<u></u><u></u></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Job Description<u></u><u></u></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Aquacultural Research Corporation is seeking a fulltime Wholesale Manager. This position requires an experienced highly motivated self-starter, with buyer/seller experience, and market knowledge. The ideal candidate should have widespread knowledge in the shellfish industry and HAACP, State and Federal reporting laws. The Wholesale Manager will network with Buyer Wholesale dealers and Fishermen. Additional responsibilities include but not limited to: Receiving phone/email orders, calculating volume needed to fill orders, create tags, manifests and shipping logs. Assist the warehouse personnel with packing for shipping, data entry and log keeping.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Personal Qualities and Skills<u></u><u></u></span></b></div>
<ul style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.5467px; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.96px;">Time Management <wbr></wbr> <u></u><u></u></span></li>
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.5467px; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.96px;">Problem Solving<u></u><u></u></span></li>
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.5467px; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.96px;">Attention to Detail<u></u><u></u></span></li>
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.5467px; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.96px;">Works Well Under Pressure<u></u><u></u></span></li>
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.5467px; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.96px;">Organizational Skills<u></u><u></u></span></li>
<li class="m_-3487636354008621194MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 15.5467px; margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.96px;">Verbal and Written Communication Skills<u></u><u></u></span></li>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Compensation<u></u><u></u></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Commensurate with experience. Full-time benefits health insurance, 401K, paid vacation & sick time.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Email Resume to <a href="mailto:info@archathery.com" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">info@archathery.com</a><u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Sales & Marketing Manager</span></b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><u></u><u></u></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Job Description<u></u><u></u></span></b></div>
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As the largest shellfish seed supplier in Massachusetts, A.R.C. plays a vital role in Massachusetts and regional shellfish communities by providing the highest quality shellfish– from seed to table – to growers, chefs and reef-builders across the country. We are a leader in aquaculture research and innovation, we support the shellfish industry through advocacy and restoration, we pioneer solutions to coastal challenges and we educate current and future generations of shellfish growers.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Position Description<u></u><u></u></span></b></div>
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The Sales & Marketing Manager, a new position, is the public facing representative of A.R.C and handles all communication between the company and our constituents, including shellfish growers, wholesale customers, retail, website, social media, press, shellfish organizations and community relations. The primary function of this position is to maintain and develop customer relations, to drive sales, to deliver an exceptional level of customer service, and to build a communication model between the company and our customers. The ideal candidate is an energetic team player with more than two years of applicable experience, excellent interpersonal and communication skills, and an enthusiasm for shellfish and shellfish growers. </div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Major Areas of Responsibility <u></u><u></u></span></b></div>
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• Build strong community relations through the use of email campaigns and social media including Instagram, Facebook, twitter, etc. </div>
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• Compose and collaborate with others to generate all written communication for the organization and make sure that all materials are informative, accurate, consistent, compelling and timely. </div>
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• Develop strong working partnerships with shellfish growers</div>
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• Communicate with shellfish growers regarding their seed orders • Coordinate shellfish seed deliveries with nursery manager and growers</div>
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• Coordinate with shellfish growers for purchases of their market sized product</div>
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• Develop relationships with our existing wholesale clientele and expand to new customers</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Required Knowledge, Skills and Abilities <u></u><u></u></span></b></div>
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• Strong communication skills (both written and verbal) </div>
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• Organized, detail oriented with strong planning skills</div>
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• Very strong people skills</div>
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• High energy, flexible, problem solver, innovative, curious, risk taker</div>
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• General knowledge of shellfish aquaculture and the Massachusetts shellfish aquaculture industry – will train</div>
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• Self starter with ability to work independently </div>
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• Team and individual leadership skills</div>
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• Willingness and ability to work outdoors in all weather conditions as needed</div>
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• Proficient in MS Office, Constant Contact or other content management systems</div>
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• Full-time, year-round position. In season, time of day can be variable with the tides and often includes full or partial weekends</div>
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• Must be able to drive to multiple locations</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Benefits<u></u><u></u></span></b></div>
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A.R.C offers health insurance for the employee and their family. We offer dental, 401K with match, life insurance, paid time off, and paid holidays. </div>
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Please email cover letter and resume to <a href="mailto:info@archatchery.com" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">info@archatchery.com</a></div>
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For additional company information please visit <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://archatchery.com&source=gmail&ust=1517585001655000&usg=AFQjCNHWCSsgqWlwseLwzNtPPem75-DI-w" href="http://archatchery.com/" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">archatchery.com</a></div>
AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-76437479454253429262018-01-08T09:32:00.000-08:002018-01-08T09:32:08.301-08:00Oyster Aquaculture Internships Maryland<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">The oyster culture program at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Horn Point Laboratory (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://hatchery.hpl.umces.edu/&source=gmail&ust=1515517886952000&usg=AFQjCNE5E7lW7hUCx2P6FFYwsE_RX7pn2g" href="http://hatchery.hpl.umces.edu/" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://hatchery.hpl.umces.<wbr></wbr>edu/</a>) is now accepting applications for summer internships. There are two internship opportunities available to apply for, the Oyster Hatchery Internship and the Aquaculture Internship.</span><br />
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Oyster hatchery interns are expected to become part of the hatchery team and learn all aspects of oyster culture. This includes, but is not limited to, broodstock management, spawning, larval culture, algal culture, settlement, outplanting, deployment, sampling procedures, data collection, farm management, and facility maintenance. While employed with the oyster hatchery, interns will also be gaining experience on a working oyster farm.</div>
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<br />The Aquaculture Internship was founded in 2015 with the goal of preparing individuals for future employment on a working oyster farm. To this end, aquaculture interns will learn to set larvae, both on shell for bottom harvest, and on microcultch, to produce individual oysters for containerized water column production.</div>
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These are flexible summer internships but interns should start by the end of June 2018 and end no later than mid October 2018. Candidates should be able to work for a minimum of 10 weeks. Applicants must be able to lift at least 50 pounds and be committed to working in a wet, muddy, and humid environment.</div>
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Applicants also must be 18 years of age or older by the time of their start date. Stipend is $400 per week. Limited dormitory space may be available. Commuters must have reliable transportation. Long hours and weekend work are expected.</div>
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Please visit our website for more information (<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://hatchery.hpl.umces.edu/aquaculture-internship-opportunities/&source=gmail&ust=1515517886952000&usg=AFQjCNEiHTu94iWnuRWX4yVZbXDDDYZQcw" href="http://hatchery.hpl.umces.edu/aquaculture-internship-opportunities/" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">http://hatchery.hpl.umces.<wbr></wbr>edu/aquaculture-internship-<wbr></wbr>opportunities/</a>) If you have questions about either opportunity or would like to attend a potential intern tour (the next one is scheduled for <span class="m_-2970948766567840370gmail-m_3566825303804488240gmail-m_8856400976288788152gmail-m_330083938819335891gmail-aBn"><span class="aBn" data-term="goog_623741577" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(204, 204, 204); position: relative; top: -2px; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><span class="aQJ" style="position: relative; top: 2px; z-index: -1;">January 13, 2018</span></span></span>) please contact Stephanie Alexander at <a href="mailto:tobash@umces.edu" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank">tobash@umces.edu</a> or <a href="tel:(410)%20221-8310" style="color: #1155cc;" target="_blank" value="+14102218310">(410)22<wbr></wbr>1-8310</a></div>
AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-38544118244955513152017-12-04T05:32:00.001-08:002017-12-04T05:32:46.960-08:00Gloucester Times Article about Oyster Restoration on the North Shore<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There was a delightful write up in the Gloucester Times about the release of oysters raised in the upweller MOP operates with Maritime Gloucester. You can see the <a href="http://www.gloucestertimes.com/news/fishing_industry_news/from-tank-to-estuary-oyster-toddlers-leave-maritime-gloucester/article_21e78aa2-7eee-515b-b5b3-7a6180b8ca81.html">original article here.</a> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We were pleased to see that this project helped us achieve our goals of getting more oysters in the water and education as thousands of people reached. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Mike Springer photo of Steve Parkes of Maritime Gloucester casting seed upon the waters. </span><br />
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The Massachusetts Oyster Project has successfully transferred about 60,000 juvenile oysters into estuaries in the waters off Essex, Gloucester and Ipswich to cap off its first season.</div>
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Now, it’s really up to the oysters.</div>
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“Obviously, we really want to keep an eye on them and make sure they do well,” said Jennifer Filliault of the Massachusetts Oyster Project. “It should take them a couple years to get to the standard size, which is about 3 inches.”</div>
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From July to November, the Massachusetts Oyster Project, in partnership with Maritime Gloucester, raised the oysters in a tank at the maritime education and museum on Harbor Loop. The tiny bivalves started off no bigger than a red-pepper flake and grew first to the size of a dime and then a nickel before being transferred into the wild.</div>
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“Maritime Gloucester was just a fantastic partner to work with,” Filliault said. “We had great survivability of the oysters and they became a real resource for educating students and visitors about oysters.”</div>
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She estimates more than 5,000 students and 20,000 Maritime Gloucester visitors visited the oyster tank and learned of the social and environmental benefits of oysters. The project provided aquaculture training to Maritime Gloucester interns, volunteers and staff.</div>
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The project also formed an alliance with Salem State University researchers to monitor the growth and survival of the oysters in the Essex location.</div>
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The oysters — standard Eastern oysters which are individually capable of filtering up to 50 gallons of water per day — now are the property of the individual communities, which will administer when and if they become part of the allocation annually reserved for public gathering.</div>
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But, according to Filliault, the oysters will have had the chance to go through several spawning seasons before they reach harvesting size, thus helping organically expand the population in the waters in which they reside.</div>
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“We’d like to see them stay in the water, spawn and multiply,” she said.</div>
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Filliault said plans for 2018 include working again with Maritime Gloucester on growing another batch of oysters in Gloucester, as well as seeking out other locations and partners on the North Shore or elsewhere to expand the stock of oysters available for transfer.</div>
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Contact Sean Horgan at 978-675-2714, or <a href="mailto:shorgan@gloucestertimes.com" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #1955a5;">shorgan@gloucestertimes.com</a>. Follow him on Twitter at @SeanGDT.</div>
AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-71470666453983853102017-11-28T19:06:00.000-08:002017-11-28T19:06:21.638-08:00Mass Oyster's Restoration Activity<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Over the past ten years, Mass Oyster has been focused on four goals.</span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">R</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">aising awareness about the importance oysters and oyster restoration.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Oyster restoration (Either directly or through financial support of the programs of others.)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Oyster shell recycling</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Legislation to improve the Commonwealth's regulatory environment that has impeded our progress with actual restoration programs. </span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This post focuses on where we have been actively working across our coast.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Mass Oyster Project Activity Map </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Working North to South-</span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ipswich- placing seed oysters for oyster propagation</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Essex- placing seed oysters for oyster propagation</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Gloucester- raising seed oysters in partnership with the Maritime Gloucester and soon placing oysters for propagation</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Boston- placing seed oysters for propagation- placing recycled shell</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Wellfleet- providing recycled shell and financial support to support restoration/propagation</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Wareham- providing recycled shell and financial support to support restoration/propagation</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Thanks to the hard work of our team the footprint is growing. We have learned a great deal and achieved considerable success. </span></div>
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AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-30683187786546100202017-11-16T10:08:00.001-08:002017-11-17T06:31:40.719-08:00Eight Fun Oyster Facts<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-right: 15px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We have been restoring oysters in Massachusetts for a decade; helping increase populations in Wellfleet, Wareham, and Boston as well as the recent addition Massachusetts' Northshore towns of Gloucester, Essex and Ipswich. In that time we have learned a great deal about oysters and enjoyed slurping down quite a few. Here are eight interesting facts to ponder.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;">1. Oyster eating is ancient.</strong> </strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">The oldest oyster middens (shell heaps) have been radiocarbon dated to 4,000 B.C., and oyster eating has thousands of years of history among Native Americans along both coasts. These piles could once be found locally in Cambridge and on the Boston Harbor Islands as well as further North as Maine's Demariscotta River. In Westport, the middens were so large that in the 1800's carriageways were cut through the 40 foot high piles for tours to entertain tourists. (Those Native Americans may have been building up defenses against erosion and coastal storms!) It's also part of the historical record in ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome, medieval France and England, and even among the Mayans.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2. Yes, oysters can hear.</strong> As we highlighted in a recent <a href="https://www.facebook.com/massoyster/?hc_ref=ARSIZoYMKsfiAiASW-Q8AS9YKJ_yELbN68CMV7CzHknJ7puLeg-fjYSeWMQQX1H8VWY&fref=nf">Facebook post</a> scientists subjected oysters to low-frequency sounds like those made by cargo ships, human-caused explosions and wind turbines. It caused oysters to clamp their shells shut. Higher-frequency sounds like those made by a speedboat didn't seem to bother them. If you have oysters in a tank, tapping on it can cause them to close their shells, so this is not a huge surprise.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3. Oyster shells are great for your garden.</strong> In Colonial times oyster shells were spread on fields to lower the soil acidity. As the shells break down, they release calcium into the soil, which can improve soil pH and lead to healthier plants. In some areas live oysters were used for this purpose. And the shell middens mentioned earlier were often mined for this purpose. If you use expensive bone meal for your bulbs, you may want to think about using oyster shell instead. We also recycle oyster shell working with Boston's <a href="http://www.savethatstuff.com/">SaveThatStuff</a>- they are laid down in inter-tidal areas to give baby oysters a base for attachment.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4. Oysters are mentioned in two Shakespeare plays.</strong> "Why, then/the world's mine oyster/Which I with sword will open," is from "The Merry Wives of Windsor" and is the origin of the famous phrase. "As You Like It" includes the less well-known line, "Rich honesty dwells like a miser, sir, in a poor house, as your Pearl in your fouled Oyster."</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">5. Oysters clean the water.</strong> Every day, a single oyster can filters about 40 gallons of water. They do it by pulling water over their gills, which trap nutrients and algae — and the water leaves the oyster cleaner than it came in. We have been repeating this mantra for years as we advocated for their use in polluted areas of Boston Harbor such as Fort Point Channel, Chelsea Creek and the Mystic River. In this blog you can find time lapse videos of them cleaning tanks full of water. (This makes a great school science project or demonstration.)</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The oyster pushes water over its gills where nutrients, silt and bacteria are trapped. </span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">6. Groups of oysters create habitat for other sea life.</strong> Oysters grow into reefs that contain nooks and crannies. Those nooks and crannies can shelter 200 other species including shrimp, eels, lobsters, crabs, pogeys and barnacles. These species further support the food chain and improve fishing. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">7. Oyster beds protect against the effects of climate change.</strong> A reef made up of oysters not only cleans the water and creates habitat, it also can mitigate coastal flooding and erosion by absorbing 80 percent or more of wave energy, which is especially valuable during large storms. And, oysters are far more attractive than cement or steel bulkheads. (Did the native Americans in Westport know this?)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">8. Oyster Restoration can be accomplished inexpensively. </strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">For $30 all-in you can begin a program using a <a href="https://www.slideshare.net/massoyster/highly-efficient-oyster-spat-production-technique-for-restoration">Fran Spat Pool.</a> This ingenious technique can produce 20 million fertile spat in a season!</span></span></div>
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AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-50802067165038501462017-08-28T03:06:00.001-07:002017-08-28T03:06:34.995-07:00Maryland Hosting Dedicated Fishing Events on Oyster Restoration Sites<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We have been impressed how fishing groups around the country have been embracing oyster restoration to improve their catch. By using oyster restoration to create habitat and support the food chain the number and size of fish rises significantly according to academic studies. We have seen oyster restoration near fishing piers and in targeted areas in the Carolina's and Texas. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To highlight the improvement and document it Sherwood, Maryland is organizing a tournament this fall on a restoration area. <a href="http://www.ianglertournament.com/rod-and-reef-slam-angling-oyster-restoration">The Rod and Reef Slam</a> will be on October 7 and has a variety of classes including youth and Kayak. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Here is a bit more about the event. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We're celebrating the beginning of a turn for the better in the Chesapeake’s fish and crab habitat. Oyster restoration is beginning to make a difference.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">When an estuary loses almost all of its keystone oyster reefs like the Chesapeake has, the change causes fundamental damage.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What has the Bay lost? We know from archaeologists that colonists in St. Mary’s City found sheepshead in abundance in the lower Potomac in the 17th century. How about black sea bass? Tautogs? Puppy drum (red and black)? Spadefish? Filefish?<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Some of those fish are turning up now in Virginia, mostly around the rocks on the tubes of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. Some of them are beginning to show up on new reef structures in Maryland, including the reef ball field at Cook’s Point in the mouth of the Choptank.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We want to celebrate this return, keep it growing, and give Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) some data on recreational fishing opportunities around these restoration projects. Join us for a tournament that focuses on three restoration reef areas: the MARI Tilghman Island Reef just outside Knapps Narrows, the Harris Creek reefs, and the Cook’s Point reef ball field in the mouth of the Choptank. Multiple partners have worked together to build these reefs, including the NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office, Coastal Conservation Association, Chesapeake Bay Foundation and Maryland Department of Natural Resources.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This tournament will be a little different. You won’t win just for the biggest fish. Prizes will be awarded for how many species you catch, and then how long your fish are. We’re celebrating variety, and (we hope) the return of some of these great reef species that we’ve been missing. Come join us!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ENTRY FEE: $50 Includes tournament entry, after party food, giveaways, live entertainment and access to a cash bar. Register prior to September 15 to be guaranteed a free Rod and Reef Slam Tournament Shirt.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">YOUTH ENTRY: Youth ages 16 and under may participate for free with a participating adult.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">AFTER PARTY & AWARDS CEREMONY ONLY: $10 Includes food and entertainment</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">AFTER PARTY & AWARDS LOCATION: From 3:00p.m.–7:00 p.m. at Lowes Wharf Marina & Inn, 21651 Lowes Wharf Road, Sherwood, MD 21665. Shallow water anchorage at Lowes Wharf is available with water taxis to shuttle boaters to the after party.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">FISHING BOUNDARIES: Harris Creek Oyster Sanctuary, Cook’s Point Oyster Sanctuary/ Artificial Reef, Tilghman Island Artificial Reef. Coordinates for the fishing boundaries are forthcoming in the Gallery section of this webpage below.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">SPECIES: Any species may be caught. Catch, photo, and release all undersized fish. Refer to the restrictions set by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources and abide by the law.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To register go to the link above. And if you have questions, you can <a href="mailto:hgibson@cbf.org">email a contact.</a> </span></div>
AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-38928307259264513622017-07-13T19:30:00.000-07:002017-07-13T19:30:11.761-07:00Oysters in New York Harbor Are Reproducing and Expanding<div class="page-header" style="background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); color: #333333; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; margin: 2px 0px 10px; padding-bottom: 5px;">
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<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">We are reposting this informative blog post. You can see the original post <a href="http://www.ahherald.com/columns-list/old-oak-trail/24349-oysters-in-new-york-harbor-are-reproducing">here</a>.</span></h2>
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Oysters in New York Harbor Are Reproducing</h2>
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<dd class="createdby" itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" style="line-height: 18px; margin-left: 9px;">Written by <a href="http://www.ahherald.com/component/contact/contact/296-columnists/22-joseph-reynolds?Itemid=644" itemprop="url" style="color: #176891; text-decoration-line: none;">Joe Reynolds</a></dd><dd class="published" style="line-height: 18px; margin-left: 9px;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon-calendar" style="display: inline-block; height: 14px; line-height: 14px; margin-right: 0.25em; width: 14px;"></span> <time datetime="2017-07-06T19:01:50-04:00" itemprop="datePublished">Published: 06 July 2017</time></dd></dl>
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<img alt="joe reynolds" src="http://www.ahherald.com/images/stories/assets/writers/joe_reynolds.jpg" style="border: 0px; float: left; height: auto; margin-right: 6px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" />Although the Eastern or American oyster (Crassostrea virginica), a native mollusk with two rough elongated whitish shells, has been declared by many people around New York Harbor to be “functionally extinct”, the bivalve just doesn’t want to give up. In this arm of the ocean, the will to live seems to be strong in the little sea creature.</div>
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The evidence for life is among the flotsam and jetsam along the edge of the estuary. Last October, baby oyster larvae, known as spat, were discovered living on a healthy Eastern oyster shell attached to a mushroom anchor in the Navesink River in New Jersey. Farther upstream, in 2013 a large living oyster reef in the Hudson River was removed near the Tappan Zee Bridge before construction began on a new bridge. A three-man crew spent a week removing almost 200,000 oysters near the bridge and sending them to New York City waters at a cost of nearly $100,000.</div>
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Perhaps the best sign of recovery came from the tidal waters near the Statue of Liberty in 2016. Oysters can now be found growing in Upper New York Bay. Around the Statue of Liberty are some of the plumpest and fastest growing in the whole of New York Harbor,” according to Peter Malinowski, founder and director of the Billion Oyster Project, a recovery program from the non-profit New York Harbor Foundation that hopes to restore oyster populations throughout the tidal waters of New York City.</div>
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Within this program, members have added nearly 50,000 adult oysters in Jamaica Bay, making it the largest single installation for breeding oysters in the city. The program also has over 19.5 million oysters growing in New York Harbor, with 1.05 acres of reef area restored. Albeit a far cry from the 220,000 acres of oyster beds that once existed when Europeans first arrived in 1609, but it’s an important start.</div>
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The work seems to be paying off. Remarkably, I’m finding more and more adult oyster shells washed ashore along Raritan Bay and Sandy Hook Bay with juvenile oysters or spat attached to the surface. The other day while walking along the edge of Sandy Hook Bay in Port Monmouth I discovered a large oyster shell about seven inches long with five young oysters or spat fixed to the shell. One of a few notable finds this year.</div>
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Will more spat be found on large oyster shells, perhaps as long at 10 or 12 inches? It all depends on how well the ensuing spawning season goes.</div>
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Another breeding season begins now, as adult oysters get busy making the next generation. The Eastern oyster has separate sexes, but oysters will always spawn simultaneously, usually in an entire bed of oysters. Both males and females need to live near each other in shallow tidal waters, in depths between 8 to 25 feet, if spawning is to be successful.</div>
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Oysters spawn between late June to November, but peak spawning occurs between June and July when water temperatures rise into the 70s. When local estuarine water temperatures rise, an ancient spawning ritual begins.</div>
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Mature female oysters release millions of eggs; the males release an even greater number of sperm. In less than 24 hours, the eggs will become fertilized and develop into microscopic free-swimming larvae that look just like specks of black pepper in the water.</div>
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A single female Eastern oyster can produce from 75 to 150 million eggs in a single reproductive cycle, but only one in 1,000, less than one percent, will survive to reach the next life stage. It’s not just humans that have found the culinary delights of oysters. Most young oysters will become fish food.</div>
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Yet, for those fortunate tiny black specks that do continue, they will spend the next three weeks or so drifting on currents and tides feeding on phytoplankton or microscopic algae. They will develop a thin shell and a slimy foot to help find a location in which to settle down and stick itself in place. It’s a lot of work and stress for a newborn baby to endure, but the hard work will payoff in a good home.</div>
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Oyster larvae will eventually attach themselves to a hard bottom substrate, preferably an adult oyster shell where other spat can grow to form a reef, but almost any firm surface will attract a juvenile oyster, such as a brick, an aluminum can, a glass bottle, or even a used porcelain toilet bowl. Once a baby oyster has found a perfect spot, it will secrete a liquid cement-like substance that fixes or glues itself in place to spend the rest of its life in one place.</div>
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Most spat are usually males with some individuals transforming into females after the first or second spawning. Oysters may go back and forth between sexes several times during their lifetime. An oyster can live between 10 to 20 years, but most will only survive about four or five years.</div>
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It’s not easy being an oyster in New York Harbor. Virus and diseases, including QX oyster disease, are widespread due, in part, to continuing water pollution problems from raw sewage still entering the estuary from antiquated sewage systems. Oysters are more susceptible to disease when they are stressed by poor water quality. There are also plenty of hungry predators, including birds such as the American oystercatcher and gulls, and numerous aquatic dwellers such as oyster drills, sea anemones, sea stars, sea nettles, whelks, mudworms, and cownose rays.</div>
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Yet, despite the challenges, the need to bring back oysters to New York Harbor is imperative. When a large number of oysters join together, it's called an "oyster reef.” Oyster reefs are diverse ecosystems that were once found all over the estuary and provided important protection for coastlines from the damaging effects of wave action from storms and nor’easters, they also provided vital habitat and shelter for many marine organisms.</div>
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<br />Science has shown that oysters reefs can be similar or just as productive as coral reefs. In one study in Beaufort, North Carolina more than 300 invertebrate species were identified to be living on local reefs. The nooks and crannies of the reef offer habitat to different species of worms, mollusks, fish, and mud crabs. The presence of these organisms attracts larger predators, which in turn attracts even larger predators, all the way up a food chain to humans. The existence of an oyster reef truly creates a dynamic environment.</div>
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An oyster reef can also provide refuge from predation for many species, including small clams, grass shrimp, crabs, and worms. More over, oyster reefs stabilize shorelines and help reduce erosion, an increasingly important asset in an ever-warming world.</div>
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What’s more, oysters act as a filter to naturally clean up an estuary. Oysters use their gills to absorb oxygen and strain food out of the water. One adult can strain plankton and organic matter at a rate of up to 50 gallons per day (or 1500 times its body volume). A healthy oyster reef contributes significantly to overall water clarity in the estuary. It’s no wonder there is an important project in New York State to bring back a billion oysters into New York Harbor.</div>
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Unfortunately in New Jersey, restoration efforts in Raritan Bay and Sandy Hook Bay and surrounding state tidal waters have been put on hold due to the lack of state funds. Let’s hope a new governor, which will be elected this November, will reestablish funds to help return oyster reefs to functioning ecosystems. This will help to improve water quality and benefit fish populations throughout the busy and bustling waters of New York Harbor for many species to enjoy.</div>
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To view more pictures, video, or stories of wildlife around Sandy Hook Bay, Raritan Bay, and Lower New York Bay, please visit my nature blog, NY Harbor Nature at <a href="http://www.nyharbornature.com/" style="color: #176891; text-decoration-line: none;">http://www.nyharbornature.com</a></div>
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AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-77241257323993316932017-06-07T15:17:00.001-07:002017-06-07T15:17:56.413-07:00What is an upweller?<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Under the leadership of Jennifer Filiault and Steve Parks,
the MOP team has begun construction of an upweller at the <a href="http://maritimegloucester.org/">Maritime GloucesterMuseum</a> to raise infant oyster spat to a 2 inch size so that they can be used
for oyster propagation.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">An upweller is a system of tanks that flow seawater over the
oyster spat so that it receives a good flow of nutritious water for it to
filter and feed on. The oysters filter out the plankton, digest it and use the
nutrition to grow. A typical upweller
contains the oyster spat in containers with screen bottoms. The water is forced
up through the screen bottoms around the oysters and out the top where it is
returned to the ocean or estuary. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAl9IPU-UrBuXKdcodK_WAiMScPCzi686sEm2pqMFxLFN3ln1Vc5jSLTQ9kgu6lGX17nQf3qIjrNDvxmGnkO_obO6AcqTzSqCMiKxQ3ti3NZPwhGOL59hKXkjjzyPumQ_Tu4LHUbGC0Ccn/s1600/upweller+diagram.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="upweller phtoto " border="0" data-original-height="542" data-original-width="792" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAl9IPU-UrBuXKdcodK_WAiMScPCzi686sEm2pqMFxLFN3ln1Vc5jSLTQ9kgu6lGX17nQf3qIjrNDvxmGnkO_obO6AcqTzSqCMiKxQ3ti3NZPwhGOL59hKXkjjzyPumQ_Tu4LHUbGC0Ccn/s320/upweller+diagram.png" title="upweller diagram " width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Diagram of an Upweller Oyster Nursery</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The screen is changed over the course of a growing season as
the oyster spat grows. Initially we are starting with the finest mesh screen we
could get at <a href="http://www.homedepot.com/p/Phifer-36-in-x-50-ft-UltraVue-Black-Insect-Screen-3028782/203398631?cm_mmc=Shopping%7cTHD%7cG%7c0%7cG-BASE-PLA-AllProducts%7c&gclid=CKT07qrhrNQCFciXfgoduE8NZg&gclsrc=aw.ds">Home Depo</a>t. It can even keep out No-see-ums! Over time our interns
will be changing the screen to larger and larger mesh sizes.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifXW1BZA9prvmqgRdkVVNf-E9g-03oCqMAvy_0TmY4uR7PZDOqCShMfEKnBezFALJOIgc_JqDoZvNXPWCg9sp70g7yf4KBbUoBNYvkhoF7aGuImie1X_Ctcfk8_c3K_Z3vK4zPAqjl2rby/s1600/unnamed+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="image of upweller oyster nursery construction" border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifXW1BZA9prvmqgRdkVVNf-E9g-03oCqMAvy_0TmY4uR7PZDOqCShMfEKnBezFALJOIgc_JqDoZvNXPWCg9sp70g7yf4KBbUoBNYvkhoF7aGuImie1X_Ctcfk8_c3K_Z3vK4zPAqjl2rby/s320/unnamed+3.jpg" title="Upweller oyster nursery construction photo" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Adding Screen to the Buckets</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiphc3jHMrJwKI7l5EQ-BsAezfMLqIZmVEyKC70L-WX-zwYYHhitHtcjIVDA7dWZvyo6sBpFzshqr-_yKi9EfrufgB30mHsMp8c4AHnkdfDKEKbAzvWh-kbWkfRzL-3Qjca7ypsudaFQ18r/s1600/unnamed.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of Upweller oyster nursery construction" border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiphc3jHMrJwKI7l5EQ-BsAezfMLqIZmVEyKC70L-WX-zwYYHhitHtcjIVDA7dWZvyo6sBpFzshqr-_yKi9EfrufgB30mHsMp8c4AHnkdfDKEKbAzvWh-kbWkfRzL-3Qjca7ypsudaFQ18r/s320/unnamed.jpg" title="Upweller Oyster Nursery Construction Photo" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bucket with Screen for Upweller Oyster Nursery</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There are several types of upwellers and they are largely
classified by their location. They can be in the water beneath a dock, near the
water on a floating dock, or in our case, on structures. Ours will be located
on a dock at Maritime Gloucester. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDwFqEUS7EtGawZmR7k_sJdkakaWPzKCsx6C-rnjhfL8jG3H0uxmeJu2pJHt9tUB3PPbTuisCNgPiIkoU_2QVMM8IcOZOndU3j_1QX5lGG2-KWiz38WlMKtfQNtep7eTs_x6ZwRUTGKzjR/s1600/Upweller+photo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Upweller Oyster Nursery Photo" border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="422" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDwFqEUS7EtGawZmR7k_sJdkakaWPzKCsx6C-rnjhfL8jG3H0uxmeJu2pJHt9tUB3PPbTuisCNgPiIkoU_2QVMM8IcOZOndU3j_1QX5lGG2-KWiz38WlMKtfQNtep7eTs_x6ZwRUTGKzjR/s320/Upweller+photo.png" title="Upweller Photo" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In mid-June we will be receiving 60,000 baby oysters or spat.
They will be approximately 1-2 millimeters in size. They will be delivered via
<a href="http://www.fedex.com/us/">FedEx</a> in a coffee can sized container. While they start off small, they will
grow fast. By September they will be 2 inches long. It is amazing to see the
growth! </span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">When we first started restoring
oysters to Boston Harbor we experimented with some dime sized oysters. From
August 9<sup>th</sup> to September 9<sup>th</sup> they grew from the size of a
dime to the size of a quarter! It was an amazing transition that filled us with
excitement seeing the oysters could grow so robustly. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As we move into fall the
oysters will be 1.5-2 inc</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">hes in length. They will begin storing glycogen for
the winter when they go into hibernation mode. At seasons end, we will test the
oysters to be sure they are safe, and then find them a new home. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To learn more about bvuilding an upweller you can visit <a href="https://agresearch.umd.edu/sites/agresearch.umd.edu/files/_docs/212_2010_NRAC_Silo_Construction.pdf">this PDF file.</a>.</span>AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-86766325604018559302017-06-05T19:54:00.000-07:002017-06-05T19:54:19.258-07:00 A Bit About Raising Oysters for Pearls in Polynesia<div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 22px;">
<span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">One of our Board members is in the jewelry industry. She is learning more about pearls. She provided this information about growing the oysters. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">Pearl farms in French Polynesia don’t operate hatcheries, so the collection of wild shell is of paramount importance. Spat are collected by placing objects, such as dark plastic mesh, to lines a few feet below the water’s surface. As spat float by on the current, the baby mollusks attach themselves to the object using their byssus (foot).</span></div>
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</div>
<figure style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; margin: 0px;"><center style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<img class="m_3215814388863196922img-responsive CToWUd a6T" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEhRez3QkDDcHbzTkJUQrpcvR5gAo3HhKBWyZ80Mqvb-8moUHpm7rsMAwLWpFaRT5SF6FCrV0B3jPLOwcTTFCcQgO4irFoNHvpy5r_00lNkScX2WaqeQsecOfkq2ubjqdLiZkiPpxzV7fgIusIVksvubljxwx3R19Q=s0-d-e1-ft" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: auto; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: middle;" tabindex="0" /><u></u><div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); text-align: start;">
Spat collectors with thousands of shells attached</div>
<u></u></center>
</figure><div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 22px;">
</div>
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<span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">After six months, the spat collectors are taken to the surface, and the baby mollusks are removed. A single collector might host 15,000 baby shells. They are placed into special baskets and hung from growing platforms at depths of up to eight meters.</span></div>
<figure style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; margin: 0px;"><center style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<img class="m_3215814388863196922img-responsive CToWUd a6T" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEgZ0DckndliYWegxLCQ-0hBERAWOK5tG0PgFOtSitwr8b9GiYIJudGB1CJhxPxvEIYsHcpP0QutYbnkRd6iSudvRGWFv_7o2S2OH8tIjisAhVto2ydxdqdD5Neupf58KgsLpCir2LKCas_KUa7iVjQGa_bWreFufw=s0-d-e1-ft" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: middle;" tabindex="0" /><u></u><div style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0); text-align: start;">
Three black-lipped shells at various stages of growth</div>
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</figure><div style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 30px; margin-bottom: 22px;">
<span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);">When the shells are nearly adults, they undergo their first operation—one that is unique to pearling operations that utilize black lips. They are pulled from the water, and a small hole is drilled through the shells. There is no danger to the animal during this operation as the piercing is just outside the hinge. A nylon rope is then inserted through this hole and tied. This process is repeated, resulting in a chain, or chaplet, of ten to twenty pearl mollusks. The chaplets are returned to the platform for the final grow-out of the young shells.</span></div>
AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3568465632774038681.post-34552803259709011502017-05-17T07:46:00.000-07:002017-05-17T07:49:07.469-07:00Improving Clam Populations with Sea Grass and Oyster Shell
<header class="article__titles " style="background-color: #fcfaf6; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 50px 0px 35px;"><div class="article__titles-content" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
<h1 class="article__title" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Ashbury, georgia, serif; font-size: 42px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
</h1>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">In the popular press we have seen several articles about ocean acidification adversely affecting the growth of clams and some species of oyster. This article from a Yale Environmental blog does a wonderful job laying out the challenge and two solutions: eel grass that can process CO2 in the water and placing oyster shell. We have been recycling shell at the Mass Oyster Project for over a decade. Oyster shell was once a major part of our estuarine ecosystems. By returning it through recycling or oyster restoration, we are bringing that balance back. </span></div>
<h1 class="article__title" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: ashbury, georgia, serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">
How Growing Sea Plants Can Help Slow Ocean Acidification</span></h1>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Researchers are finding that kelp, eelgrass, and other vegetation can effectively absorb CO2 and reduce acidity in the ocean. Growing these plants in local waters, scientists say, could help mitigate the damaging impacts of acidification on marine life.</span></div>
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<div class="article__authors-date" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: moderat, arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.375; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span class="article__authors" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">BY <a class="article__author-link" href="http://e360.yale.edu/authors/nicola-jones" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: black; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.1s linear;">NICOLA JONES</a></span> <span class="article__authors-date-bullet" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; font-weight: 800; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 4px;">•</span> <span class="article__date" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">JULY 12, 2016</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Robert Schwemmer/NOAA</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Harvesting kelp, shown here off the California coast, removes CO2 from the ecosystem.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Oregon’s picturesque Netarts Bay has long been known for its oysters. But Netarts, like the whole west coast of North America, <a href="http://e360.yale.edu/feature/northwest_oyster_die-offs_show_ocean_acidification_has_arrived/2466/" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(235, 228, 228); box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec5240; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">is getting more acidic</a>. And the oysters don’t like it.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Since the Industrial Revolution, carbon dioxide in the air has seeped into ocean waters and boosted acidity by 30 percent. Globally, the oceans’ pH has dropped from 8.2 to 8.1, and could drop another 0.4 units by the end of the century. The <a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/320/5882/1490" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(235, 228, 228); box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec5240; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">problem is worse</a> off the west coast of North America, where acidic bottom-waters are brought up to the surface by onshore winds. Corrosive waters like those suck up the building blocks for shells, and can literally eat away at the skeletons of corals.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Last summer, Oregon State University marine ecologist George Waldbusser and his team boated around Netarts Bay planting baby oysters to see how they would fare. The only ones that thrived were those protected by beds of eelgrass, which seemed to swallow up enough carbon dioxide during the peak of each day to give the oysters a break from acid and a window of opportunity for growth.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">“Basically nothing outside of those beds survived,” says Waldbusser, who hasn’t yet published the work. Meanwhile, the Whiskey Creek Shellfish Hatchery in Netarts Bay has started only pulling water into their tanks in the afternoon, when photosynthesis peaks and the water is less acidic.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Waldbusser is part of a small team of scientists now exploring the idea that seagrasses, kelps, and shell beds might be able to counteract the rising tide of ocean acidity in local hot spots, making life a little easier for struggling animals. He and other experts on the West Coast Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia Science Panel, which released its <a href="http://westcoastoah.org/executivesummary/" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(235, 228, 228); box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec5240; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">first report</a> this April, recommended that scientists and managers push forward such strategies to suck CO2 out of the water.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">The idea is a smaller, gentler cousin to grander schemes of geo-engineering. There have been proposals to soak up the ocean’s excess acid by throwing iron, limestone, or olivine into the water, boosting plankton growth, adding the building blocks for shells, or chemically absorbing CO2. But the general <a href="https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/publications/2009/geoengineering-climate/" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(235, 228, 228); box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec5240; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">response</a> to such plans usually ranges from head-shaking disbelief that they might be feasible or effective, to <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/ocean-fertilization-project-off-canada-sparks-furore-1.11631" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(235, 228, 228); box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec5240; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">widespread concern</a> about the possible ecological side effects. The energy needed to mine and distribute rocks, and the unpredictable shift in food webs, have made these schemes unappealing on a global scale. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">One study said seagrass meadows should give corals about an 18 percent boost in growth.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">On the local scale, however, lower-cost, lower-risk ecological restoration might have the dual benefit of giving threatened sea creatures both a better place to live and a refuge from ocean acid.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Oysters would not be the only creatures to benefit. Derek Manzello manages a long-term ocean acidification monitoring site at Cheeca Rocks in the Florida Keys, as part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) <a href="http://www.coris.noaa.gov/monitoring/" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(235, 228, 228); box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec5240; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">National Coral Reef Monitoring Program</a>. That particular patch of coral is one of the only reefs in the Florida Keys that is still growing; in other reefs, most corals have died from disease and bleaching since the early 1980s. This is odd because Cheeca Rocks, like other near-shore spots in Florida, sees high temperature swings and large amounts of soil and nutrients dumped into the water, which should limit coral growth. There are several possible explanations for Cheeca Rocks’ resistance to these problematic conditions, including that the corals there might be genetically adapted to thrive in harsh conditions. But another possible explanation is that they are living in a low-acidity refuge created by nearby seagrass beds.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">In 2012, Manzello showed that Florida’s inshore waters, including where Cheeca Rocks sits, are <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(235, 228, 228); box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec5240; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">packed with dissolved aragonite</a>, the material that corals need to grow. Acids in the water decrease the aragonite saturation value; if it gets below 1, corals and shells start to dissolve. In pre-industrial times, these inshore waters typically had a saturation value of 4.6. Today, most reefs in Florida and the Caribbean have been eked down to 3.8. But Florida’s inshore waters have a happy 4.7.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">“This is a huge difference,” says Manzello. The reason is the banks of seagrass growing in Florida’s inshore waters, like turtle grass and manatee grass, that suck up CO2 as they photosynthesize — particularly in the spring.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Another study out that same year showed the <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(235, 228, 228); box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec5240; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">same effect in the tropical Indo-Pacific</a>. Seagrass meadows there have the potential to increase aragonite saturation by up to 2.9 units, and the pH by 0.38. That should give corals about an 18 percent boost in growth, making seagrass a potential tool for marine park managers, the authors write.</span></div>
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<img alt="20150522_114122_450.jpg" border="0" src="http://e360.yale.edu/assets/site/features/20150522_114122_450.jpg" style="border-style: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 5px 0px 0px;" /><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">George Waldbusser/OSU</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Stephanie Smith stands in a bed of <em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Zostera marina</em> seagrass in Netarts Bay with the CO2 sensor she designed while a graduate student at Oregon State University.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">The <a href="http://www.grida.no/publications/rr/blue-carbon/" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(235, 228, 228); box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec5240; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">potential is huge</a>. Plants in the ocean, from seagrasses to plankton, add up to just 0.05 percent of the plant biomass on land, but are so pervasive and efficient at sucking up carbon that they cycle through roughly the same amount of carbon every day as all the land-based plants. Yet seagrass ecosystems are being wiped out, thanks to everything from pandemic disease to water pollution and coastal construction projects. The rate of loss has <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2707273/" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(235, 228, 228); box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec5240; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">skyrocketed</a> from less than 1 percent of global seagrass cover per year in the 1970s to 7 percent annually in the 2000s, making seagrasses one of the planet’s most threatened ecosystems. Efforts to restore or farm such plants could have a host of benefits, including soaking up atmospheric carbon.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Waldbusser cautions that many scientists don’t yet know about the effect of seagrasses on ocean chemistry. Some breeds, like the invasive <em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Zostera japonica</em>eelgrass in Oregon, tend to shed their leaves in the winter, and the degrading plant matter boosts carbon dioxide levels in the water rather than lowering them. And if the water is swift flowing, then any patches of water made less acidic by plants will likely be swept away before they have a chance to benefit local shellfish or corals.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Seagrasses aren’t the only possible solution. Kelp is also well known for soaking up excess nutrients and making waters cleaner for shellfish. Most academic papers looking at the benefits of kelp don’t even mention acidification. But it didn’t take much for Nichole Price of the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Science in Maine to put two and two together. “The biggest challenge in land-based kelp nurseries is keeping the pH low enough because they consume so much CO2,” says Price, who wondered how those same photosynthetic algae were affecting ocean waters.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Price teamed up with <a href="http://www.oceanapproved.com/" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(235, 228, 228); box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec5240; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">Ocean Approved</a>, North America’s first commercial kelp farmer, to put instruments inside and outside of its kelp farms to see what was going on. In as-yet-unpublished work, they show that the aragonite saturation level is half a unit to a full unit higher within the kelp farm. “That’s bigger than the change we expect from ocean acidification,” she says. Next year they plan to map the extent of the impact, and test the effect of the kelp on a mussel farm around the corner. That farm, says Price, has already started growing kelp based on these preliminary results. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Researchers will soon start the first large-scale project to plant and grow kelp to suck up CO2.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">The key, says Price, is to harvest the kelp so that the carbon it extracts gets removed from the ecosystem. It’s hard to compete with Asian kelp suppliers, but local kelp could be dried and used as food or fertilizer, adding a layer of economic diversity to a struggling coastal economy. “There’s a lot of potential for shellfish aquaculture, but people are really hesitant [because of acidification],” says Price, who now heads up Bigelow’s Centers for Venture Research. Pairing up with seaweeds might be the trick to buy new businesses a bit of insurance against future conditions, she says.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">This autumn, researchers will start the first large-scale project to intentionally plant and grow kelp to suck up carbon dioxide. <a href="http://www.restorationfund.org/" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(235, 228, 228); box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec5240; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">The Puget Sound Restoration Fund</a>, based in Bainbridge Island, Washington, <a href="http://www.pgafamilyfoundation.org/news/news-articles/2015-news-items/puget-sound-ocean-acidification-grant" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(235, 228, 228); box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec5240; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">won $1.5 million</a> from the Paul G. Allen Ocean Challenge in April 2015 to investigate the potential for sugar kelp to reduce acidity in local waters, where the pH can hit 7.8. Plans call for starting farming an acre of kelp this October.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Ocean waters can be buffered against acids by non-living material, too. Instead of soaking up carbon dioxide, the strategy here is to add more carbonate to the water. That shifts the aragonite saturation point and, again, makes it easier for shells to grow. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Nearly every estuary that once had a thriving oyster industry hosts an effort to put old shells back into the water, says Waldbusser. Most, if not all, of these projects are focused on giving the oysters or other shellfish something to grow on — their babies prefer to sit on piles of old shells, rather than getting buried or choked by mud. The fact that these shells help to buffer water acidity is an added bonus.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">The Chesapeake Bay, he notes, has seen the largest oyster reef restoration effort to date and also possibly the largest (and unintentional) ocean acidification buffering experiment. About 196 million bushels of dredged oyster shells were <a href="http://www.cbf.org/how-we-save-the-bay/programs-initiatives/maryland/oyster-restoration/save-oyster-shell" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(235, 228, 228); box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec5240; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">put back into Chesapeake Bay</a> from 1960 until 2006, before the project coordinators ran low on shells. They’re still about 100 million bushels short of where the Chesapeake’s ecology would have been had oysters not been extracted for centuries, notes Waldbusser, and the effects on the bay’s complex water chemistry have so far been hard to track. But that doesn’t mean that shells can’t shift pH significantly under different conditions.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">In <a href="https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/handle/1957/19392" style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(235, 228, 228); box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec5240; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.1s linear;" target="_blank">previous work</a> off the coast of Maine, Waldbusser’s team, led by Mark Green of Saint Joseph’s College of Maine, mixed old ground-up shells with ocean sediments and replanted them. They then looked to see how that affected oysters. Three times as many oyster larvae settled in the shell-rich soils as in the non-shelled soils, they found. The reason, Waldbusser thinks, is because of a change in water acidity within the pores of the sediment.</span></div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">ALSO FROM YALE e360</span></span><a href="http://e360.yale.edu/features/interview_gretchen_hofmann_examining_how_marine_life_might_adapt_to_acidified_oceans" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec5240; display: block; font-family: moderat, arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.01em; line-height: 1.2; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.1s linear;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Examining How Marine Life Might Adapt to Acidified Oceans</span></span></a></div>
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<img alt="Examining How Marine Life Might Adapt to Acidified Oceans" src="http://e360.yale.edu/assets/site/features/gretchen-hofmann-YaleE360_100.jpg" style="border-style: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 10px 0px 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 5px 0px 0px;" /></div>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">In an interview with Yale Environment 360, marine biologist Gretchen Hofmann discusses how well mollusks and other shell-building organisms might evolve to live in increasingly corrosive ocean conditions caused by soaring CO2 emissions.</span><a href="http://e360.yale.edu/features/interview_gretchen_hofmann_examining_how_marine_life_might_adapt_to_acidified_oceans" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ec5240; display: block; font-family: moderat, arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.01em; line-height: 1.2; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; transition: all 0.1s linear;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">READ MORE</span></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">“You have this incredibly hostile environment in the pore water, which is generally more acidic than the overlying water,” says Waldbusser. “Mix shell in and it’s a little less hostile.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Waldbusser is familiar with other proposed ways of shifting ocean pH. He wrote a proposal to use the waste CO2 emitted from a hatchery to dissolve calcium carbonate rocks and bubble the products back into the ocean, helping to buffer acidity in much the same way as is done in home aquariums. But it didn’t get funded. “There are lots of technologies that exist and things you can do, but it comes back to scalability and unintended consequences,” says Waldbusser. Using rocks to buffer ocean water, for example, involves using energy to treat the minerals beforehand so they dissolve, and then you have to worry about toxic levels of nickel or cadmium hitching a ride along with the rocks.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">In the end, says Waldbusser, “I always come back to restoration.” Replanting the seagrasses or shell banks that used to exist in an estuary is much safer, and often easier, than some industrial schemes. And, he adds, it probably comes with “built-in benefits that we don’t even recognize.”</span></div>
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</section>AJhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16155123596413935704noreply@blogger.com0